塔机疲劳剩余寿命预测系统研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 14:22

本文选题：塔机　切入点：疲劳剩余寿命　出处：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的发展与基础建设规模的扩大,塔式起重机已成为建筑施工中主要的运输机械设备。由于塔机的金属结构长期受到随机交变载荷的作用,容易因疲劳破坏而引起严重的塔机事故。因此,开发一种高效、可靠的塔机剩余寿命预测系统具有重要的意义。本文结合塔机疲劳寿命预测发展的现状和存在的问题,改进了获取塔机疲劳载荷谱的三点雨流计数方法,提出了一种基于灰色Miner法则的疲劳累积损伤预测模型,完成了塔机疲劳剩余寿命的预测功能。本文设计的塔机疲劳剩余寿命预测系统实现了塔机关键结构应力数据的采集、传输与处理,并最终给出了与事实相符的塔机剩余寿命预测结果,为塔机的维护和报废提供了可靠的依据,具有较高的工程实用价值。本文完成的主要工作和创新点如下： (1)对塔机的结构与载荷特性进行了细致深入地研究,探讨了塔机疲劳破坏的成因,通过分析塔机疲劳类型,确定了塔机疲劳剩余寿命预测方法,改进了获取疲劳载荷谱的三点雨流计数模型。 (2)分析了低于疲劳极限的应力和加载顺序对疲劳寿命的影响,按照由低到高的顺序加载,材料具有较大的疲劳破坏临界损伤值,而按照由低到高的顺序加载,材料具有较小的临界损伤值。针对低于疲劳极限的载荷会对疲劳寿命产生影响的事实,提出了基于灰色Miner法则的疲劳累积损伤计算方法,并建立了该方法的数学模型,实现更为精确的塔机疲劳寿命的预测。 (3)设计了以ARM开发板为核心,GPRS模块作为远程无线通信接口的硬件框架结构,结合多个用于实时数据采集的传感器,研制了塔机应力现场监测终端。以ASP.NET为开发平台,以SQL Server2005为数据库,完成了系统软件及算法的设计。 (4)研究了MATLAB与.NET混合开发的技术。创新性地利用MATLAB的.NET Builder将寿命预测源代码打包转化成.NET组件通过动态网站业务层对MATLAB源程序的调用,实现了塔机疲劳剩余寿命预测功能。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the expansion of infrastructure in our country, tower crane has become the main transportation equipment in construction. Because the metal structure of tower crane is subjected to random alternating load for a long time, It is easy to cause serious tower crane accidents due to fatigue failure. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an efficient and reliable residual life prediction system for tower cranes. In this paper, combined with the present situation and existing problems of tower crane fatigue life prediction, the three-point rain flow counting method for obtaining tower crane fatigue load spectrum is improved, and a fatigue cumulative damage prediction model based on gray Miner rule is proposed. The fatigue residual life prediction system of tower crane designed in this paper has realized the acquisition, transmission and processing of stress data of the key structure of tower crane. Finally, the prediction results of residual life of tower crane in accordance with the facts are given, which provides a reliable basis for the maintenance and scrapping of tower crane, and has higher engineering practical value. The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows:. 1) the structure and load characteristics of tower crane are studied in detail, and the causes of fatigue failure of tower crane are discussed. By analyzing the fatigue type of tower crane, the method of predicting the remaining fatigue life of tower crane is determined. The three-point rain flow counting model for obtaining fatigue load spectrum is improved. (2) the influence of stress and loading sequence below fatigue limit on fatigue life is analyzed. According to the order of loading from low to high, the material has a larger critical damage value of fatigue failure, and loads in order from low to high. The material has smaller critical damage value. In view of the fact that the load below the fatigue limit will affect the fatigue life, a method for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage based on the grey Miner rule is proposed, and the mathematical model of the method is established. More accurate prediction of tower crane fatigue life is realized. In this paper, the hardware frame structure of remote wireless communication interface based on ARM development board is designed. Combined with many sensors used for real-time data acquisition, the stress field monitoring terminal of tower crane is developed. ASP.NET is used as the development platform. Taking SQL Server2005 as database, the system software and algorithm are designed. This paper studies the technology of mixed development of MATLAB and .NET, and innovatively uses the .NET Builder of MATLAB to package the source code of life prediction into the calling of .NET component to the source program of MATLAB through the business layer of dynamic website, and realizes the function of predicting the remaining life of tower crane fatigue.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH213.3

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