滚动轴承力学特性的有限元分析研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 21:30

本文选题：滚动轴承 + 接触　；参考：《华中科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：轴承是应用极为广泛的重要机械基础件，滚动轴承在工作时既是运动连接件，又是载荷支撑件，其力学状态较为复杂，由于各种原因容易引起失效，为研究轴承破坏的力学机理、优化轴承设计、提高轴承使用寿命，进行轴承的力学分析显得十分有必要。本文首先简要介绍了轴承力学分析的理论基础，，然后采用有限元法对滚动轴承进行静态下和动态下的力学分析以及热应力分析。综合各方面因素建立滚动轴承6206的弹性有限元模型，仿真分析得到了轴承在静态条件下的应力分布，轴承的应力主要集中在发生接触的小区域内，滚珠与内圈接触产生的应力大于与外圈接触产生的应力，滚珠与圈体接触的最大应力出现在接触面下一点，是轴承发生疲劳剥落的力学诱因，滚珠与圈体的接触区域成椭圆形分布，接触应力成半椭球形分布，计算可以得到接触应力大小以及接触区尺寸等。分析了动态条件下轴承的受力特点及运动特点，轴承应力的分布与静态条件下的应力分布相似而又表现出一些不同，在前接触区和后接触区也会有较大应力产生。最大应力可能偏离接触中心，同样载荷下轴承各元件在动态条件下分析得到的最大应力大于静态条件下分析得到的最大应力。滚珠的运动具有不稳定性特点，计算可以得到滚珠运动速度、运动状态及运动轨迹等。滚动轴承静态分析和动态分析的模拟值和理论值相差较小，仿真结果具有较高的可靠性。轴承在热膨胀受阻的条件下也会产生较大的应力，应力分布与径向力引起的轴承应力分布类似。有限元仿真可以得到轴承热应力的分布和特点、以及轴承各部分的位移情况，尽管热膨胀位移很小，但产生的应力很大，轴承初始游隙的设计显得尤为重要。
[Abstract]:Bearing is an important part of mechanical foundation which is widely used. The rolling bearing is not only a moving connector but also a load support part when working. The mechanical state of the bearing is more complicated, and it is easy to cause failure due to various reasons. In order to study the mechanical mechanism of bearing failure, optimize the bearing design and improve the bearing service life, it is necessary to analyze the bearing mechanics. In this paper, the theoretical basis of bearing mechanics analysis is briefly introduced, and then the mechanical analysis and thermal stress analysis of rolling bearing under static and dynamic conditions are carried out by finite element method. The elastic finite element model of rolling bearing 6206 is established by synthesizing various factors, and the stress distribution of bearing under static condition is obtained by simulation analysis. The stress of bearing is mainly concentrated in the small area where contact occurs. The contact stress between ball and inner ring is greater than that produced by contact with outer ring. The maximum contact stress between ball and ring appears at a point below the contact surface, which is the mechanical inducement of bearing fatigue spalling. The contact region between the ball and the ring is elliptical and the contact stress is semi-ellipsoid. The size of contact stress and contact zone can be obtained by calculation. The stress distribution of bearing under dynamic condition is similar to that under static condition, but there are some differences between the stress distribution and the stress distribution in the front contact area and the back contact area. The stress will also be produced in the front contact area and the rear contact area. The maximum stress may deviate from the contact center, and the maximum stress under dynamic condition is larger than that under static condition under the same load. The motion of ball is unstable, and the velocity, state and track of ball motion can be obtained by calculation. The difference between the simulation value and the theoretical value of the static analysis and dynamic analysis of rolling bearing is small, and the simulation results have high reliability. The stress distribution of bearing is similar to that caused by radial force. Finite element simulation can obtain the distribution and characteristics of the bearing thermal stress and the displacement of each part of the bearing. Although the thermal expansion displacement is very small, the stress generated is very large, so the design of the initial clearance of the bearing is particularly important.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH133.33

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