超高速空气静压电主轴热特性分析
发布时间：2019-02-14 14:35
【摘要】：空气静压电主轴具有低摩擦特性、优良的高低速和高低温性能,运动平稳、回转精度高、噪音低、振动小,结构紧凑、传动链短、机械效率高等优点,在精密超高速轻载切削装备中得到了广泛的应用。其热态特性是影响主轴工作稳定性和机床加工精度的重要因素。因此,针对空气静压电主轴的热态特性研究对提高主轴的热稳定性保证主轴的热刚度具有重要意义。 目前国内电主轴热态特性的研究对象主要集中于高速大功率滚动轴承电主轴,而针对超高速空气静压轴承电主轴热态特性的研究很少。本文以超高速空气静压电主轴为研究对象,采用三维有限元建模与仿真分析方法,对电主轴的热态特性进行相关的仿真分析,并进行了实验研究,主要研究工作包括： 1、对超高速空气静压电主轴内部热力学特性进行分析,得到绝热等熵状态下空气轴承的生热和传热机制。得出空气静压轴承的生热、传热规律、影响轴承温升的主要因素以及空气静压轴承的模型简化方法。 2、采用有限元分析方法,对超高速空气静压电主轴进行了三维实体建模,充分考虑内装电机和空气静压轴承等关键部件的几何结构；在有限元实体模型中根据各零件的装配关系,考虑了热接触对结构传热的影响；对空气静压电主轴热源和散热特性进行精确分析和量化计算,得到电主轴主要热源的生热率以及主轴各部位的换热系数以及它们与主轴结构、主轴转速、冷却系统水流量、气路系统气流量、环境温度等因素的关系；对比分析了不同工况条件下、不同转速、不同材料表面发射率下的主轴温度场分布结果,提出了改善空气静压电主轴温度场分布的具体措施。 3、最后,对空气静压电主轴空载时的热态特性进行了实验研究,实验结果与仿真分析结果比较接近,这表明本文构建的空气静压电主轴三维有限元实体模型及模型处理方法比较合理,有限元仿真分析的边界条件求导结果比较合理,仿真结果具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:The air hydrostatic motorized spindle has the advantages of low friction, excellent performance of high and low speed and low temperature, steady motion, high precision of rotation, low noise, small vibration, compact structure, short transmission chain, high mechanical efficiency, etc. It is widely used in precision super high speed light load cutting equipment. The thermal characteristic is an important factor to affect the working stability of spindle and the machining accuracy of machine tool. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the thermal stability of the spindle and ensure the thermal stiffness of the spindle based on the thermal characteristics of the aerostatic motorized spindle. At present, the research object of hot state characteristic of motorized spindle in China is mainly concentrated on high speed and high power rolling bearing motorized spindle, but there is little research on hot state characteristic of ultra high speed air static bearing motorized spindle. In this paper, the super-high speed hydrostatic motorized spindle is taken as the research object, and the three-dimensional finite element modeling and simulation analysis method is used to simulate and analyze the thermal characteristics of the motorized spindle, and the experimental research is carried out. The main research work is as follows: 1. Based on the analysis of the internal thermodynamic characteristics of the ultra-high speed aerostatic motorized spindle, the heat generation and heat transfer mechanism of the air bearing under adiabatic isentropic state are obtained. The heat generation and heat transfer law of the aerostatic bearing, the main factors affecting the temperature rise of the bearing and the simplified model method of the aerostatic bearing are obtained. 2. Using finite element analysis method, the 3D solid modeling of ultra-high speed aerostatic motor spindle is carried out, and the geometric structure of the key parts, such as internal motor and air static bearing, is fully considered. In the finite element solid model, according to the assembly relation of each part, the influence of thermal contact on heat transfer of the structure is considered. The heat source and heat dissipation characteristics of the air hydrostatic spindle are analyzed and quantified. The heat generation rate of the main heat source and the heat transfer coefficient of all parts of the spindle, as well as their relationship with the spindle structure, spindle speed, cooling system water flow, are obtained. The relationship between gas flow rate, ambient temperature and other factors in gas path system; The results of temperature field distribution of spindle under different operating conditions, different rotational speeds and different emissivity of material surface are compared and analyzed, and specific measures to improve the temperature field distribution of air hydrostatic motorized spindle are put forward. 3. Finally, the experimental study on the thermal characteristics of the aerostatic motorized spindle is carried out when there is no load, and the experimental results are close to those of the simulation analysis. This indicates that the three-dimensional finite element solid model and its processing method are reasonable, and the boundary conditions of finite element simulation analysis are reasonable, and the simulation results have certain reference value.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.36
本文编号：2422298
[Abstract]:The air hydrostatic motorized spindle has the advantages of low friction, excellent performance of high and low speed and low temperature, steady motion, high precision of rotation, low noise, small vibration, compact structure, short transmission chain, high mechanical efficiency, etc. It is widely used in precision super high speed light load cutting equipment. The thermal characteristic is an important factor to affect the working stability of spindle and the machining accuracy of machine tool. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the thermal stability of the spindle and ensure the thermal stiffness of the spindle based on the thermal characteristics of the aerostatic motorized spindle. At present, the research object of hot state characteristic of motorized spindle in China is mainly concentrated on high speed and high power rolling bearing motorized spindle, but there is little research on hot state characteristic of ultra high speed air static bearing motorized spindle. In this paper, the super-high speed hydrostatic motorized spindle is taken as the research object, and the three-dimensional finite element modeling and simulation analysis method is used to simulate and analyze the thermal characteristics of the motorized spindle, and the experimental research is carried out. The main research work is as follows: 1. Based on the analysis of the internal thermodynamic characteristics of the ultra-high speed aerostatic motorized spindle, the heat generation and heat transfer mechanism of the air bearing under adiabatic isentropic state are obtained. The heat generation and heat transfer law of the aerostatic bearing, the main factors affecting the temperature rise of the bearing and the simplified model method of the aerostatic bearing are obtained. 2. Using finite element analysis method, the 3D solid modeling of ultra-high speed aerostatic motor spindle is carried out, and the geometric structure of the key parts, such as internal motor and air static bearing, is fully considered. In the finite element solid model, according to the assembly relation of each part, the influence of thermal contact on heat transfer of the structure is considered. The heat source and heat dissipation characteristics of the air hydrostatic spindle are analyzed and quantified. The heat generation rate of the main heat source and the heat transfer coefficient of all parts of the spindle, as well as their relationship with the spindle structure, spindle speed, cooling system water flow, are obtained. The relationship between gas flow rate, ambient temperature and other factors in gas path system; The results of temperature field distribution of spindle under different operating conditions, different rotational speeds and different emissivity of material surface are compared and analyzed, and specific measures to improve the temperature field distribution of air hydrostatic motorized spindle are put forward. 3. Finally, the experimental study on the thermal characteristics of the aerostatic motorized spindle is carried out when there is no load, and the experimental results are close to those of the simulation analysis. This indicates that the three-dimensional finite element solid model and its processing method are reasonable, and the boundary conditions of finite element simulation analysis are reasonable, and the simulation results have certain reference value.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.36
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 李美波;高性能静压气浮运动系统热耦合分析及热误差控制[D];北方工业大学;2013年
，本文编号：2422298
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