装载机工作装置液压系统动态性能建模与能耗分析

发布时间：2019-03-22 15:02

【摘要】：装载机作为工程机械销量最大的机种。随着用户要求的提高及液压技术的进步,对装载机的质量、高效、节能等方面都提出了很高的要求,传统的装载机产品研发成本高、周期长。本论文以装载机工作装置为研究对象,基于simulation X仿真软件,建立了工作装置液压系统的液压和机械机构仿真模型,在实验的基础上验证了仿真模型的正确性。本文在装载机液压系统的基础上,分析了泵、多路阀、液压缸等组成元件的结构,并分析了油液流通方式。分别建立了泵、溢流阀、油缸的压力流量方程,并使用MATLAB对换向阀的过流面积和水力直径进行了计算。在simulation X中搭建了各液压元件的模型,并在模型中输入泵、溢流阀等的特性参数,将CATIA模型中的反转六连杆机构导入至simulation X中,并设置其坐标系及其空间坐标位置。在元件模型的基础上连接搭建整个工作装置液压系统的仿真模型,并设定仿真环境和元件参数的初始值,运行仿真。对典型工况下工作装置进行实验,并对工作装置中速空载工况下的特性进行了详细分析。将仿真环境设定为实验环境,仿真时间和换向阀的控制信号与实验中保持一致,运行仿真,并将仿真结果与实验结果对比,实验结果与仿真结果的差距在允许的范围内,对比结果表明装载机工作装置液压系统的模型是正确的。因为液压系统性能的影响因素很多,液压元件和流体之间的作用关系是不可视的,所以才要通过测试曲线来了解液压系统内部的状态,但是实验既需要实验设备有时还需要特定的实验元件,既浪费时间又浪费费用。有了正确的仿真模型,就可以在软件的基础上对装载机工作装置先进行仿真分析查看可行性。在仿真模型中对工作装置中速空载工况下的能量损耗进行了分析计算,通过泵的功率曲线,计算得到了泵的耗能,仿真结果表明,整个工作循环中高压溢流损失为37.5%,是整个工作循环中最主要的能量损失形式。论文还对一些常用的节能系统的节能状况进行了仿真验证。本课题建成了装载机工作装置液压系统和机械机构的仿真模型,并通过实验验证了模型的正确性,通过曲线图分析了系统的能耗情况,并且搭建了节能系统的模型。所建立的整个工作装置的模型可用于对工作装置的虚拟实验分析,降低实验的复杂程度,并且对产品的改进、节能及其创新研发等都具有重要的实用意义。
[Abstract]:Loader as the largest sales of construction machinery type. With the improvement of user requirements and the progress of hydraulic technology, the high requirements for the quality, high efficiency and energy saving of loaders have been put forward. The traditional loaders have high research and development cost and long cycle. In this paper, the hydraulic and mechanical simulation models of the hydraulic system of the loader are established based on the simulation X simulation software, and the correctness of the simulation model is verified on the basis of the experiments. On the basis of hydraulic system of loader, the structure of components such as pump, multi-circuit valve, hydraulic cylinder and so on are analyzed in this paper, and the circulation mode of oil is also analyzed. The pressure-flow equations of pump, relief valve and cylinder are established, and the overflow area and hydraulic diameter of the valve are calculated by MATLAB. The models of hydraulic components are built in simulation X, and the characteristic parameters of pump and relief valve are inputted into the model. The inverted six-bar linkage mechanism in CATIA model is imported into simulation X, and its coordinate system and its spatial coordinate position are set up. On the basis of the component model, the simulation model of the hydraulic system of the whole working device is built, and the initial values of the simulation environment and the parameters of the components are set up, and the simulation is run. Experiments are carried out on the working device under the typical operating conditions, and the characteristics of the working device under the condition of no-load at medium speed are analyzed in detail. The simulation environment is set as the experimental environment, the control signals of the simulation time and the commutation valve are consistent with the experiment, run the simulation, and compare the simulation results with the experimental results, the gap between the experimental results and the simulation results is within the allowed range. The comparison results show that the model of hydraulic system of loader working device is correct. Because there are many factors that affect the performance of the hydraulic system, the relationship between the hydraulic components and the fluid is invisible, so it is necessary to understand the internal state of the hydraulic system through the testing curve. However, experiments require both experimental equipment and sometimes specific experimental elements, which waste both time and cost. With the correct simulation model, the feasibility of the loader working device can be analyzed by simulation on the basis of software. In the simulation model, the energy loss of the working device under the condition of no load at medium speed is analyzed and calculated. Through the power curve of the pump, the energy dissipation of the pump is calculated. The simulation results show that the loss of the high pressure overflow in the whole working cycle is 37.5%. It is the main form of energy loss in the whole work cycle. The paper also simulated and verified the energy-saving status of some commonly used energy-saving systems. In this paper, the simulation models of hydraulic system and mechanical mechanism of loader working device are built, and the correctness of the model is verified by experiment. The energy consumption of the system is analyzed by curve diagram, and the model of energy-saving system is built. The model of the whole working device can be used to analyze the virtual experiment of the working device, reduce the complexity of the experiment, and have important practical significance for the improvement of the product, energy saving and innovative research and development.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH243

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