陕南地区小麦农家种麦长管蚜抗性调查与兰麦抗蚜相关基因分析

发布时间：2018-01-10 13:19

本文关键词：陕南地区小麦农家种麦长管蚜抗性调查与兰麦抗蚜相关基因分析　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：麦蚜的发生严重影响小麦的产量与品质,在我国麦长管蚜占麦蚜总量的95%以上。生产上长期依靠杀虫剂来防治麦蚜,不仅杀伤麦蚜天敌,污染自然环境,而且使麦蚜的抗药性增强。近年来,选育和推广抗蚜品种愈来愈受到人们的重视,利用小麦内源抗性基因,既减少化学农药的使用、保护农业生态环境,又有利于小麦产量的提高和品质的提升。本试验通过调查陕南地区小麦农家种对麦长管蚜的抗性、研究小麦农艺性状与麦长管蚜抗性的相关关系、克隆抗麦蚜相关基因TtLOX2以及对其进行序列特性分析,为小麦抗蚜虫遗传学研究和品种改良提供理论依据与新抗源。主要结果如下:本研究采用蚜量比值法对34份陕南地区的小麦农家种进行了田间成株期麦长管蚜抗性鉴定,共筛选出26个抗蚜品种,占供试材料的76.47%。其中1个麦长管蚜高抗品种S849(兰麦(陕西柞水));7个中抗品种,分别是S1111、S1124、S1125、S1148、S1181、S992和蚂蚱麦;以及18个低抗品种。对参试材料进行了株高、旗叶长、旗叶宽、旗叶面积、小穗数、穗粒数、穗长和穗密度等主要农艺性状进行了调查和分析,结果表明34份陕南地区小麦农家种间的农艺性状差异较大,变异系数为10.64-34.53%。因子分析将农艺性状分为4个主要组成成份,他们总变异的贡献分别为30.06%、21.55%、17.30%和10.40%。欧氏距离的变异区间为1.32~51.03,平均为19.07。在欧氏距离为17.00处将34份材料聚为3大类,第一大类包括S1017、S571和S591等三个农家种,第二大类只有S652一个农家种,第三大类包括其余的30个农家种。小麦农艺性状与麦长管蚜抗性的相关分析表明,植株的叶宽与叶面积都与麦长管蚜蚜量比值显著相关。以高抗麦长管蚜农家种兰麦S849为材料,并以麦长管蚜取食诱导高抗麦长管蚜品种兰麦(陕西柞水)(S849)幼苗叶片的抑制差减文库中差异表达的EST序列JK716074为基础,克隆获得一个3643 bp的cDNA基因序列。经生物信息学分析发现该序列是lipoxygenase superfamily成员,命名为TtLOX2。该基因的ORF区为321 bp,编码106个氨基酸,该蛋白质分子量是12.17 kD,等电点为9.68。将TtLOX2基因的核酸序列和其他同源蛋白的核酸序列比对,结果表明其与二穗短柄草LOX4基因序列同源性一致性最高,达84%,有很高的功能区段保守性。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of wheat aphids seriously affects the yield and quality of wheat. In China, wheat aphids account for more than 95% of the total amount of wheat aphids. In production, insecticides are used to control wheat aphids for a long time, which not only kill the natural enemies of wheat aphids, but also pollute the natural environment. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to breeding and popularizing varieties resistant to aphids. The use of endogenous resistance genes in wheat can reduce the use of chemical pesticides and protect the agricultural ecological environment. This experiment investigated the resistance of wheat varieties to wheat aphids and studied the correlation between wheat agronomic traits and resistance of wheat aphids. Cloning and sequence analysis of wheat aphid-resistant gene TtLOX2. The main results are as follows: (1) to provide theoretical basis and new resistance source for genetic research and variety improvement of wheat aphid resistance. In this study, 34 wheat varieties in southern Shaanxi were tested for resistance to wheat aphids in adult stage by aphid quantity ratio method. A total of 26 aphids resistant varieties were screened, accounting for 76.47m of the tested materials. One of them, S849, was highly resistant to wheat aphid (Orchid (Antheraea pernyi, Shaanxi); 7 medium resistant varieties, S1111S1124S1125S1148S1181S992 and grasshopper wheat, respectively; The main agronomic characters such as plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf area, spikelet number, spikelet number, panicle length and panicle density were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the agronomic characters of 34 wheat varieties in southern Shaanxi were different, and the coefficient of variation was 10.64-34.53.The agronomic characters were divided into four main components by factor analysis. The contribution of their total variation was 30.06 and 21.550.The variation range of Euclidean distance was 1.32 and 51.03, respectively. At an Euclidean distance of 17.00, 34 materials were grouped into three categories, the first one being S1017S571 and S591. The second major category was only S652, and the third category included the other 30. The correlation analysis between wheat agronomic traits and resistance of wheat aphid showed. The leaf width and leaf area of the plant were significantly correlated with the ratio of aphids to aphids, and S849, a cultivar with high resistance to wheat aphid, was used as the material. The results were based on the differential expression of EST sequence JK716074 in the suppression differential subtractive library of the seedling leaves of the high resistant wheat aphid cultivar Landrace (Shaanxi tussah, Antheraea pernyi S849), which was induced by the feeding of the wheat aphids. A 3643 BP cDNA gene sequence was cloned and identified as a member of lipoxygenase superfamily by bioinformatics analysis. TtLOX2.The ORF region of the gene is 321 BP, encoding 106 amino acids. The molecular weight of the protein is 12.17 KD. The isoelectric point was 9.68. The nucleic acid sequence of TtLOX2 gene was aligned with that of other homologous proteins. The results showed that the nucleic acid sequence of TtLOX2 gene had the highest homology with that of LOX4 gene. Up to 84, has a high degree of functional conservatism.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S435.122.2

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