不同基因型小麦适宜氮肥用量的筛选

发布时间：2018-01-26 04:20

本文关键词： 小麦基因型氮肥用量产量品质　出处：《河北科技师范学院》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为明确不同基因型小麦适宜氮肥用量,在大田条件下,选用了基因型差异较大的糯小麦农大糯50222(N50222)和非糯小麦轮选987(LX987)为试验材料,设计了4个氮肥处理(0,100,200,300 kg?hm-2),从小麦产量与品质两方面,为不同基因型小麦合理施氮提供理论依据。结果表明:增施氮肥,两品种小麦个体干物质积累均发生变化,最终表现为粒重下降,且变化存在明显的基因型差异。增施氮肥,轮选987花前营养器官干物质向籽粒的转移量及转移物质对籽粒的贡献率均呈先降后增的趋势;农大糯50222与其呈相反趋势。小麦籽粒灌浆进程均呈“S”型变化趋势,随施氮量的增加,小麦籽粒干物质积累均受到抑制。在0~300 kg·hm-2施氮范围内,两品种小麦产量均出现先增后降的趋势,在N100处产量达到最大。农大糯50222小麦籽粒淀粉中直链淀粉含量低于0.9%,而总淀粉和支链淀粉含量均高于轮选987。增施氮肥,两品种小麦籽粒中各淀粉含量均降低。小麦籽粒中淀粉粒度分布除数目分布呈单峰曲线变化,体积和表面积分布均呈双峰曲线变化。随施氮量的增加,小麦籽粒淀粉粒的粒径大小和淀粉粒分布均受到影响,改变了小麦淀粉内部组成结构。增施氮肥能有效提高小麦籽粒淀粉的糊化特性,且轮选987的糊化特征参数较农大糯50222相应处理更高。施氮量增加,轮选987淀粉的相对结晶度增加,而农大糯50222降低。相关性分析表明,氮肥用量可通过调节小麦籽粒淀粉组成和粒度分布来影响其糊化特性和晶体特性,进而影响小麦淀粉品质。两品种小麦蛋白质及其组分含量随施氮量的增加而增加,且农大糯50222蛋白质含量高于轮选987。从产量与品质方面可得出,两品种小麦最适氮肥用量均为100 kg?hm~(-2)。
[Abstract]:In order to determine the appropriate nitrogen application rate for different genotypes of wheat, under field conditions. Nongda waxy wheat (Nongdanuo 50222N50222) and non-waxy wheat (987LX987) were selected as experimental materials. Four nitrogen fertilizer treatments were designed. 200,300 kg? The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of two wheat varieties changed with increasing nitrogen fertilizer. Finally, the grain weight decreased, and there were obvious genotypic differences. The amount of dry matter transfer from vegetative organ to grain and the contribution rate of transferred matter to grain were decreased first and then increased in rotation 987. Nongdanuo 50222 showed the opposite trend. The grain filling process of wheat showed a "S" type change trend, with the increase of nitrogen application. The dry matter accumulation of wheat grain was inhibited. In the range of 0 ~ 300kg 路hm-2 nitrogen application, the yield of both varieties increased first and then decreased. The content of amylose in the grain of Nongdanuo 50222 was lower than 0.9, while the content of total starch and amylopectin was higher than that of rotation 987. The starch grain size distribution in wheat grain except the number distribution showed a single peak curve, the volume and surface area distribution showed a double peak curve, and with the increase of nitrogen application amount, the starch content in the two varieties decreased. The size and distribution of starch grains in wheat grains were affected, which changed the internal structure of starch, and nitrogen fertilizer could effectively improve the gelatinization characteristics of starch in wheat grains. The gelatinization characteristic parameters of rotor-dressing 987 were higher than that of Nongdanuo 50222. The amount of nitrogen applied increased and the relative crystallinity of rotund 987 starch increased. The correlation analysis showed that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer could affect the gelatinization and crystal properties of wheat grain by adjusting the starch composition and grain size distribution. The content of protein and its components increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the protein content of Nongdanuo 50222 was higher than that of Run-xuan 987. it can be obtained from the aspects of yield and quality. The optimum nitrogen application rate of two wheat varieties is 100 kg? HMK.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S512.1

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