两个白菜同源四倍体的创建及细胞学与基因表达研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 01:05

本文选题：白菜型油菜　切入点：同源多倍体　出处：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：白菜是中国和世界各地最重要的蔬菜以及油料作物之一。同源多倍性是指同种的染色体组组合在一起而产生的染色体倍数的变异。同源多倍体在作物进化和改良过程中具有重要作用。至今为止,秋水仙素诱导的同源四倍体白菜与普通二倍体白菜相比,在表型方面,细胞遗传学和基因表达方面的差异尚无系统的研究。本研究对秋水仙素诱导的两个同源四倍体白菜进行了表型鉴定、细胞遗传学和转录组学的分析。我们成功获得了具有40条染色体的两种白菜型油菜四倍体(2n=40,AAAA)并观察了二倍体和四倍体白菜在减数分裂时的染色体行为。我们发现四倍体白菜在减数分裂过程中有异常的染色体行为,出现了1-8个多价体的染色体配对,平均为4.02±1.42个,而这在二倍体中并没有观察到。同时在四倍体减数分离中出现了三种类型的染色体分离比例:20:20(42.10%);19:21(31.57%)以及18:22(26.31%)。另外,二倍体细胞只有10:10的分离比。我们在二倍体和四倍体材料中都统计了花粉育性,发现二倍体育性更高,四倍体中有部分花粉不育。通过转录组分析,我们发现在40,919个基因中,四倍体植株有1,121个基因与二倍体间存在差异表达。其中有601个基因上调表达,520个基因下调表达。四倍体中,有91个基因被激活,有60个基因发生沉默。大多数差异表达基因(229个)分布在A03染色体上,而A08染色体上存在差异表达基因热点区域。GO分析发现大多数的差异表达基因与信号传导、细胞外区和糖蛋白合成有关,分别有208,153和143个。不同亚基因组基因间的比较发现,LF亚基因组有更多基因总数和差异表达基因(DEG),但与二倍体相比,这些差异基因表达量的变化要小于那些属于MF1和MF2亚基因组的差异基因。总之,与二倍体相比,同源四倍体白菜在细胞遗传和基因表达上都发生了较大变化。
[Abstract]:Chinese cabbage is one of the most important vegetables and oil crops in China and all over the world. Autoploidy is the variation of chromosome multiple caused by the combination of homologous chromosomes. Autoploidy evolves and improves in crops. Play an important role in the process. So far, Compared with the common diploid Chinese cabbage, colchicine induced autotetraploid Chinese cabbage, in terms of phenotype, The differences in cytogenetics and gene expression have not been systematically studied. The phenotypes of two autotetraploid Chinese cabbage induced by colchicine were identified. Cytogenetics and transcriptome analysis. We have successfully obtained two species of Brassica campestris tetraploid with 40 chromosomes and observed the chromosomal behavior of diploid and tetraploid Chinese cabbage during meiosis. Tetraploid Chinese cabbage has abnormal chromosome behavior during meiosis. There were 1-8 polyvalents with an average of 4.02 卤1.42 chromosomes, and this was not observed in diploids. At the same time, there were three types of chromosomal segregation in tetraploid meiosis: 20: 2020 42.1010: 1921: 31.57) and 18: 2226.31. The segregation ratio of diploid cells was only 10:10. We counted pollen fertility in both diploid and tetraploid materials, and found that there were some pollen sterility in tetraploid, and that there were some pollen sterility in tetraploid. By transcriptome analysis, we found 40919 genes. Among them, 601 genes were up-regulated, 520 genes were down-regulated, 91 genes were activated in tetraploid plants. Most of the differentially expressed genes (229) were located on the A03 chromosome, while on the A08 chromosome, the hot spot region of the differentially expressed gene. Go analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed genes and signal transduction. The extracellular region and glycoprotein synthesis were 208153 and 143, respectively. The comparison of different subgenomic genes showed that the LF subgenome had more total genes and differentially expressed genes, but compared with diploids, the total number of genes and differentially expressed genes in LF subgenome were higher than those in diploid. The changes of these differentially expressed genes were smaller than those belonging to the subgenomes of MF1 and MF2. In a word, compared with diploid, the cellular inheritance and gene expression of autotetraploid Chinese cabbage changed greatly.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S634

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