水稻特殊营养品质基因标记的开发

发布时间：2018-03-24 19:33

本文选题：水稻　切入点：特殊营养品质　出处：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,人们的保健意识不断加强,从而对含有特殊营养物质的水稻需求也越来越大。水稻特殊营养物质主要是指在水稻种子中积累的一类有利于人们健康的营养物质,包括维生素、油脂、活性多糖、自由基清除剂、黄酮类化合物、甾醇类化合物、必需微量元素、矿质元素、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、绿原酸类、含有特定必需氨基酸的谷蛋白、膳食纤维和特定含量的淀粉等成分。这些特殊营养物质的形成和积累过程受到自身遗传物质的调控。本研究通过分析代谢组与全基因组关联分析的数据,结合生物信息学分析筛选了大量影响水稻特殊营养品质代谢的候选基因,利用基因序列多态性的信息设计候选基因的基因标记,然后利用水稻代换系衍生分离群体和核心种质对部分候选基因进行功能验证,最后利用功能基因标记开展辅助选择育种,改良水稻品种中的特殊营养品质。主要研究结果如下:1.利用水稻代谢组与全基因组关联分析数据分析筛选了特殊营养物质代谢的候选基因共52个,并根据每个基因可能的功能位点设计了对应的分子标记,得到了其中41个候选基因的基因标记。2.对水稻花青素与原花青素的代谢途径中的关键基因包括Ra、Rc、Rd等设计了一套功能基因标记,不仅可用于水稻黄酮类物质代谢的研究,也能用于分子辅助选择改良稻米颜色。3.利用日本晴导珍汕97B的染色体片段代换系材料衍生的F2分离群体,定位到影响水稻种子胚中亚油酸与亚麻酸含量比值的一个候选基因LOC_Os11g01340。并且针对基因LOC_Os11g01340,设计了相应基因标记OSFA-5。4.利用基因标记OSFA-5可有效地检测到水稻核心种质群体的不同单倍型。不同单倍型中的亚油酸与亚麻酸含量及比值呈显著差异。5.利用目标功能基因标记开展分子辅助选择改良水稻品系2-33中的脂肪酸含量、甾醇含量、香味品质和花青素含量等特殊营养品质,获得了包括16WRR2-3-12在内的20个品质优良的家系。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, people's awareness of health care has been strengthened. As a result, the demand for rice with special nutrients is also increasing. Rice special nutrients mainly refer to a class of nutrients accumulated in rice seeds that are beneficial to people's health, including vitamins, fats, and active polysaccharides. Free radical scavengers, flavonoids, sterols, essential trace elements, mineral elements, GABA, Lv Yuan acids, glutenin containing specific essential amino acids, Dietary fiber and certain contents of starch. The formation and accumulation of these special nutrients are regulated by their own genetic material. In combination with bioinformatics analysis, a large number of candidate genes affecting the metabolism of special nutritional quality of rice were screened, and gene markers of candidate genes were designed by using the information of gene sequence polymorphism. Then the function of some candidate genes was verified by using the derived populations and core collections of rice substitution lines, and then the auxiliary selection breeding was carried out by using functional gene markers. The main results of this study are as follows: 1.The candidate genes for special nutrient metabolism were screened by using the association analysis data of rice metabolites and the whole genome. And the corresponding molecular markers were designed according to the possible functional sites of each gene. The gene markers of 41 candidate genes were obtained. 2. A set of functional markers were designed for the key genes of anthocyanin and procyanidin metabolism pathway, including Rahlus Rccr Rd, which could be used not only for the study of flavonoids metabolism in rice, but also for rice flavonoids metabolism. It can also be used for molecular assisted selection of improved rice color .3.The F2 segregated population derived from the chromosome fragment substitution material of Japanese Qingdou Zhenshan 97B, A candidate gene, Os11g01340, which affects the ratio of linoleic acid to linolenic acid in rice seed embryos, was located. The corresponding gene marker OSFA-5.4was designed for LOCOsOs11g01340. The core collection of rice could be detected by OSFA-5. The content and ratio of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in different haplotypes were significantly different. 20 families with good quality including 16WRR2-3-12 were obtained with special nutritional quality, such as sterol content, aroma quality and anthocyanin content.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511

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