氮素和Wx基因对小麦农艺性状及淀粉生物合成的影响

发布时间：2018-03-29 14:21

本文选题：氮素　切入点：Wx基因　出处：《云南农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：小麦粉品质受其籽粒淀粉含量和组成的影响,而小麦籽粒中直链淀粉含量受Wx基因控制。为明确氮素水平及Wx基因对小麦农艺性状及淀粉生物合成的影响,本研究以宁麦14为背景的8个小麦Wx近等基因系为材料,以三叶期追施不同量的尿素作为氮素处理梯度,并测定其生育期、农艺性状、相关淀粉合成酶活性、可溶蛋白质含量及淀粉组分和含量,结果表明:1氮素、Wx基因对生育期的影响基因型对小麦拔节期、抽穗期、开花期的影响达到极显著差异,氮素水平未引起小麦生育期显著变化,基因型和氮素水平综合作用对生育期的影响作用不显著。2氮素、Wx基因对农艺性状的影响基因型引起千粒重、单株分蘖数、单株穗数、产量的差异达到极显著水平,同时引起株高差异显著。氮素水平引起单株穗数、产量差异达到极显著水平,同时引起单株分蘖数差异显著。3氮素、Wx基因对淀粉合成的影响基因型、灌浆时间均引起小麦籽粒直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量达到极显著差异;基因型和氮素水平综合作用仅引起总淀粉含量达到极显著差异,使支链淀粉含量达到显著差异。3个Wx基因淀粉合成能力不一致,其中Wx-B1对直链淀粉合成的影响作用最大,对小麦籽粒品质具有重要作用。4氮素、Wx基因对相关淀粉合成酶的影响Wx基因型对相关淀粉合成酶活性影响较大。氮素水平对UGP、SBE、SSS、GBSS活性的影响作用不显著,对AGPase活性的影响作用较大。5氮素、Wx基因对旗叶叶绿素和蔗糖合成酶的影响基因型引起旗叶中叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量达到极显著差异;氮素水平引起叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和总叶绿素含量达到显著差异。同时基因型引起蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性达到极显著差异。本研究探讨了氮素对不同Wx基因型小麦的影响,了解施氮量与优质糯性小麦基因型的互作效应,为Wx基因的利用和提高氮素的有效利用提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:The quality of wheat flour was affected by its starch content and composition, while the amylose content in wheat grain was controlled by WX gene. In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen level and WX gene on agronomic characters and starch biosynthesis of wheat, In this study, eight wheat WX Near-isogenic lines with Ningmai 14 as background were used as materials. Different amounts of urea were applied as nitrogen gradient in trifoliate stage, and their growth stage, agronomic characters and related starch synthase activity were measured. Soluble protein content and starch composition and content. The results showed that the effect of WX gene on growth stage was significantly different from that at jointing stage, heading stage and flowering stage. Nitrogen level did not cause significant changes in wheat growth period. 2 the effects of genotype and nitrogen level combination on growth stage were not significant. 2. The effects of genotype on agronomic traits caused by genotype, tiller number per plant, panicle number per plant. The difference of yield and plant height was significant, nitrogen level caused spike number per plant and yield difference reached very significant level. At the same time, the difference of tiller number per plant was significant. 3. The effect of WX gene on starch synthesis was significant. The grain amylose, amylopectin and total starch content of wheat were significantly different at filling time. The combined effects of genotype and nitrogen level only resulted in extremely significant difference in total starch content and significant difference in amylopectin content. The starch synthesis ability of three Wx genes was not consistent, and Wx-B1 had the greatest effect on amylose synthesis. The effect of WX gene on the activity of related starch synthase was significant. The effect of nitrogen level on the activity of starch synthase was not significant, but the effect of nitrogen level on the activity of SSSS-GBSS was not significant, but the effect of WX genotype on the activity of related starch synthase was not significant, but the effect of nitrogen level on the activity of starch synthase was not significant. The effect of WX gene on chlorophyll and sucrose synthase in flag leaves was significant. 5. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in flag leaves were significantly different between genotypes. Nitrogen level caused significant difference in chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and total chlorophyll content, and significant difference in sucrose synthase SSI activity caused by genotype. The effect of nitrogen on wheat with different Wx genotypes was studied. To understand the interaction effect between nitrogen application amount and high quality waxy wheat genotypes, to provide theoretical basis for the utilization of WX gene and the enhancement of nitrogen utilization.
【学位授予单位】：云南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S512.1

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