黄瓜无毛（gl）基因数量与抗蚜的关系

发布时间：2018-04-06 20:28

本文选题：黄瓜　切入点：gl基因　出处：《山东农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.,2n=2x=14)栽培历史悠久,种植广泛,是世界性蔬菜作物之一,在人们日常蔬菜消费中占有举足轻重的地位。近年来黄瓜种植面积不断扩大,蚜虫是危害黄瓜的主要生物类群,严重降低黄瓜的品质和产量。使用化学物质防治蚜虫的方法污染环境,易造成蚜虫抗药性增强,抗性背景变复杂,毒杀蚜虫天敌,破坏生态平衡。无毛黄瓜突变体(glgl)具有抗蚜特性,有重要的利用价值,为加深对黄瓜无毛性状的研究,并初步探究控制黄瓜无毛性状的gl基因与其抗蚜的关系,本研究采用染色体倍性操作技术创制了与gl基因有关的不同倍性材料,并对不同材料进行抗蚜性鉴定,对其接种蚜虫前后营养物质和次生代谢物质含量及其相关酶活性变化规律进行动态分析。主要研究结果如下:1.利用不同浓度(0.2%,0.4%,0.8%)秋水仙碱和2%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)混合溶液浸渍无毛黄瓜(glgl)和普通有毛黄瓜(GlGl)萌动种子4.5 h(20℃),发现0.4%秋水仙碱与2%DMSO混合溶液获得对应同源四倍体的效果最好,在此浓度下,无毛黄瓜诱导率为14%,有毛黄瓜诱导率为20%。通过形态学与染色体计数结合的鉴定方法成功获得了同源四倍体新种质。通过杂交或自交的方式共获得以下10种基因型材料:glgl、Glgl、GlGl、glglgl、Glglgl、Gl Glgl、GlGlGl、glglglgl、GlGlglgl、GlGlGlGl。2.对不同黄瓜材料进行抗蚜性鉴定,并采用蚜量比值法对不同材料进行抗蚜分级可知:基因型glglglgl为高抗蚜(HR)材料;基因型glglgl和glgl材料为抗蚜(R)材料;基因型Gl Glglgl为中抗蚜(MR)材料,基因型Glglgl、Gl Glgl和GlGlGl为感蚜(S)材料;基因型GlGl Gl Gl、Glgl、GlGl为高感蚜(HS)材料,本研究再次验证了无毛突变体黄瓜(glgl)的抗蚜性。黄瓜gl基因数量与其抗蚜性具有一定的相关性,相同倍性黄瓜材料,gl基因数量越多,抗蚜性也相对越强。不同倍性无毛黄瓜材料,倍性越高抗蚜性越强。3.不同黄瓜材料对蚜虫侵害的反应程度与其本身抗蚜性密切相关,受蚜虫侵害后,抗性较强的材料其总酚、黄酮、单宁、木质素等次生代谢物质含量和次生代谢相关酶PAL和PPO的活性不同程度的上升,且变化幅度基本与其抗性成正相关,但与其抗性等级不完全一致;此外,不同黄瓜材料本身的蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量与其抗性成负相关,蚜虫侵害后含量有不同程度的增加,且增加幅度与其抗性基本呈正相关关系,但与其抗性等级不完全一致。相同倍性各材料之间以及不同倍性无毛黄瓜各材料之间,gl基因数目越多,接种蚜虫后叶片次生代谢物含量及相关酶活性、营养物质(蛋白质、游离氨基酸)含量变化幅度越大,表现抗蚜能力越强。4.黄瓜gl基因数量越多,抗蚜性越强,表明抗蚜性为数量性状,gl基因为数量性状基因;gl基因又可控制茎叶表面刺毛性状,无毛性状为1对隐性基因控制(glgl),因此gl基因又是质量性状基因。由此可以断定gl基因即可控制数量性状,又可控制质量性状,因此gl基因为主基因。
[Abstract]:Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., 2n=2x=14) has a long history of cultivation, is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crop in the world, plays an important role in people's daily consumption of vegetables in recent years. Cucumber Planting area continues to expand, is the main species of cucumber aphid damage, seriously reduce the quality and yield of cucumber. The use of chemical substances to control aphids the method is easy to cause environmental pollution, aphid resistance, resistance to complex background, against aphid predators, destroy the ecological balance. Glabrous Cucumber mutant (glgl) with aphid resistant characteristics, has important value in use, to enhance the study of cucumber traits, and preliminary research on GL gene controlling cucumber hairless character and its anti aphid, this study uses chromosome manipulation technology created a related GL gene in different ploidy materials, and different materials for identification of aphid resistance to aphid inoculation. The worm before and after nutrients and content of secondary metabolites and related enzyme activity changes of dynamic analysis. The main results are as follows: 1. using different concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 2%) of colchicine two dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solution impregnation (glgl) and ordinary Glabrous Cucumber Hairy cucumber germinating seeds (GlGl) 4.5 h (20 C), found 0.4% colchicine and 2%DMSO mixed solution to obtain the corresponding autotetraploid best, Glabrous Cucumber under this concentration, the induction rate was 14%, a rate through the identification method of morphology and chromosome counting with 20%. successfully obtained autotetraploid cucumber induced by hair. By way of crossing or selfing were obtained the following 10 genotypes: glgl, Glgl, GlGl, glglgl, Glglgl, Gl, Glgl, GlGlGl, glglglgl, GlGlglgl, GlGlGlGl.2. of different materials of cucumber aphid, and using the method of aphid number ratio Different materials of aphid classification showed that genotype glglglgl is high aphid resistance (HR) materials; genotype glglgl and glgl were used as the anti aphid (R) materials; Gl genotype Glglgl in aphid (MR) material, genotype Glglgl, Gl Glgl and GlGlGl for the aphid (S) gene materials; GlGl Gl Gl, Glgl, GlGl high aphid (HS) materials, this research confirmed in glabrous cucumber aphid resistance (glgl). GL gene has a certain correlation with the number of cucumber aphid resistance of cucumber, the same ploidy materials, GL gene number, aphid resistance is relatively stronger. Different ploidy Glabrous Cucumber materials, times higher aphid resistance stronger cucumber aphid.3. of different materials on the reaction degree of its aphid resistance is closely related to the aphid, resistance material of the total phenolics, flavonoids, tannin, lignin content of secondary metabolites and secondary metabolites PAL and PPO enzyme activity The rise in different degree, and the change range and its resistance was positively correlated, but its resistance level is not exactly the same; in addition, different materials of cucumber protein and free amino acid content and its resistance is negatively related, have different degrees of increase after aphid feeding content, and increase its resistance to a positive relation, but its resistance grade is not completely consistent between the times. The same material and different ploidy Glabrous Cucumber materials, GL gene numbers, secondary metabolite contents in leaves and related enzyme activities of aphid, nutrients (amino acid protein) content ranges more changes, the stronger the number of aphid resistant performance of.4. GL gene in cucumber more and more strong resistance to aphids, showed that the aphid resistance to quantitative traits, GL gene for quantitative trait gene; GL gene can control the surface of leaf and stem bristle traits, traits of 1 hidden glabrous Sex gene control (glgl). Therefore, GL gene is also a quality trait gene. From this, we can conclude that GL gene can control quantitative traits and control quality traits, so GL gene is the major gene.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S642.2

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