9个抗稻瘟病基因自然抗性评价及育种应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 22:03

本文选题：分子标记辅助选择 + 自然诱发　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：培育稻瘟病抗性品种是控制水稻稻瘟病最环保和长效的途径。本研究通过分子标记辅助选择和回交育种的方法,将9个已克隆的稻瘟病抗性基因Pi37、Pit、Pid3、Pigm、Pi36、Pi5、Pikh、Pikm和Pb1分别单个导入或两两聚合于四个光温敏核不育系受体亲本Y58S、广占63-4S、C815S和HD9802S,在自然病圃中对这些改良家系的稻瘟病抗性进行考察鉴定,综合评价这9个基因在自然条件下的抗性效应。结果如下:1、得到31个单基因改良家系和22个双基因聚合家系,并对所有实验群体中的每个植株进行分蘖期叶瘟和成熟期穗颈瘟的表型考察。2、自然病圃诱发鉴定表明:相比轮回亲本,单基因改良家系中,携带基因Pid3的植株在4个不育系背景下两年间均表现出极显著的(P0.01)叶瘟和穗颈瘟抗性改良;基因Pigm在不同不育系中均表现出一定的稻瘟病抗性改良,除2014年C815S遗传背景和HD9802S遗传背景以及2015年广占63-4S遗传背景的叶瘟抗性未达到显著以外,其它遗传背景的分蘖期叶瘟或成熟期穗颈瘟抗性改良均达到显著(P0.05)或极显著水平;基因Pikh、Pi5和Pi37也有类似于基因Pigm的遗传效应,但抗性在苗期叶瘟抗性和穗颈瘟抗性以及不同年度间表现不稳定;基因Pi36和Pit仅在个别不育系遗传背景下表现出抗性;基因Pikm在分蘖期叶瘟表现出极显著抗性改良,而成熟期穗颈瘟则无抗性;基因Pb1由于群体少,未检测到其对稻瘟病的自然抗性。3、双基因聚合家系中,绝大多数家系的抗性都有明显改良。其中,包含Pi37/Pigm、Pid3/Pikh、Pigm/Pid3和Pi5/Pikh等基因组合的抗性有显著的增强且累加效应明显;而包含Pi37/Pikh、Pit/Pigm等基因组合的抗性则无累加效应。本研究综合评估了自然诱发条件下,9个抗性基因及其双基因组合在4个遗传背景下的稻瘟病抗性,对稻瘟病抗性育种具有重要应用价值。
[Abstract]:Breeding of rice blast resistant varieties is the most environmentally friendly and long-term way to control rice blast. By means of molecular marker assisted selection and backcross breeding, 9 cloned rice blast resistance genes, Pi37, Pit, Pid3, Pigm, Pi36, Pi5, Pikh, Pikm and Pb1, were introduced individually or 22 to four photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile lines. This Y58S, widely occupied by 63-4S, C815S and HD9802S, examined the resistance of the improved rice blast in the natural nursery and evaluated the resistance effects of the 9 genes under natural conditions. The results were as follows: 1, 31 single gene reformers and 22 double gene polymerized families were obtained, and each plant in all the experimental groups was divided. The phenotypic investigation of the tillering stage leaf blast and the mature spike neck blast was.2, and the natural disease nursery induced identification showed that, compared with the recurrent parent, the plants carrying gene Pid3 showed very significant (P0.01) leaf blast and spike neck blast resistance in the 4 sterile lines, and gene Pigm showed a certain degree in different sterile lines. The resistance improvement of rice blast, except for the genetic background of C815S in 2014 and the genetic background of HD9802S, as well as the resistance to the genetic background of 63-4S in 2015, was not significant. The resistance improvement of the leaf blast in the tillering stage or the mature stage of the other genetic background reached significant (P0.05) or extremely significant level, and the gene Pikh, Pi5 and Pi37 also resemble the gene Pig. The genetic effect of M, but the resistance to leaf blast resistance and ear neck blast resistance and the performance of different years was unstable; gene Pi36 and Pit showed resistance only in the genetic background of individual sterile lines; gene Pikm showed extremely significant resistance improvement at tillering stage, while the mature ear neck blast was not resistant; gene Pb1 was not detected because of few populations. To the natural resistance to rice blast.3, the resistance of most families in the double gene polymerized family was significantly improved. Among them, the resistance to the combination of Pi37/Pigm, Pid3/Pikh, Pigm/Pid3 and Pi5/Pikh was significantly enhanced and the cumulative effect was obvious, while the resistance of the gene combinations including Pi37/Pikh and Pit/Pigm had no cumulative effect. The study synthetically evaluated the resistance of 9 resistance genes and their double gene combinations under 4 genetic backgrounds, which had important application value for rice blast resistance breeding.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.111.41

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