细胞核内小干扰RNA介导的表观遗传和基因表达调控

发布时间：2018-05-16 20:16

本文选题：siRNA + RNAi　；参考：《中国科学:生命科学》2017年01期

【摘要】：RNA干扰(RNAi)是真核生物中一个非常广泛而且保守的基因表达调节机制.长度为20~30个核苷酸的具有调控作用的小RNA广泛存在于几乎所有的真核细胞中,这些小RNA参与和调控许多基本的生命过程,如异染色质的形成、基因组稳定性的维持、发育的时空调节、细胞命运的决定、DNA的损伤与修复反应,以及抗病毒反应等.这些小RNA的产生和调节的失衡往往会导致一系列重大疾病的发生与发展.RNAi在细胞质里主要是通过抑制翻译和诱导靶标mRNA的降解来进行.在细胞核中,RNAi则有多种作用方式.本文将重点阐述小RNA在细胞核里的基因表达调控的分子机制,包括诱导异染色质形成、介导表观遗传修饰、调控染色体分离,以及调控转录和选择性剪切等过程.
[Abstract]:RNA interference RNAi (RNAi) is a widely and conserved gene expression regulation mechanism in eukaryotes. Small, regulated RNA with a length of 20-30 nucleotides is widely present in almost all eukaryotic cells. These small RNA participate in and regulate many basic life processes, such as the formation of heterochromatin and the maintenance of genomic stability. Temporal and spatial regulation of development, cellular fate, DNA damage and repair response, and antiviral response. The imbalance in the production and regulation of these small RNA often leads to the occurrence and development of a series of major diseases. RNAi in the cytoplasm is mainly by inhibiting translation and inducing the degradation of target mRNA. In the nucleus, RNAi acts in a variety of ways. This paper will focus on the molecular mechanism of gene expression regulation of small RNA in the nucleus, including inducing heterochromatin formation, mediating epigenetic modification, regulating chromosome segregation, and regulating transcription and selective shearing.
【作者单位】：中国科学技术大学生命科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31371323,31671346,91640110,81501329)资助
【分类号】：Q752

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