转基因玉米对土壤微生物的影响

发布时间：2018-05-17 07:47

本文选题：转基因玉米 + 土壤微生物　；参考：《山西大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从转基因作物在1996年开启商品化时代以来,转基因作物在全世界的栽植面积疾速扩大,而转基因作物的生态安全风险也日益成为人们关注的焦点。为了评价转基因玉米对土壤微生物的种群数量、结构和多样性的影响,以转Bt基因P1498和转抗除草剂基因C31,以及非转基因玉米亲本亲本Non-Bt P1498为试验材料,采用微生物平板培养法、土壤酶法和高通量基因测序法,在山西省运城市进行两年盆栽试验,研究比较了不同生育期的转基因玉米对土壤微生物的影响。结果如下;1.试验结果表明:两种转基因玉米对土壤中的细菌、固氮菌、氨化细菌都没有显著影响。2014年的苗期转Bt基因P1498和转抗除草剂基因C31土壤真菌分别比非转基因玉米亲本亲本Non-Bt P1498显著降低14.3%和25.8%,抽雄、成熟两个生育期没影响。放线菌仅在2014年的抽雄期C31与P1498和Non-Bt P1498差异显著,其他生育期也没影响。说明转基因玉米对土壤微生物的区系无显著影响。2.两年试验结果表明:转基因玉米对土壤中的脲酶活性无显著影响。2014年3个玉米品种对土壤碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶的活性都无显著影响。2015年转基因玉米仅极少数生育期影响了土壤酶活性。如玉米苗期转基因玉米P1498和C31的土壤碱性磷酸酶活性分别比Non-Bt P1498显著降低了7.81%和5.37%,差异均显著,其它三个生育期无显著差异;在2015年的玉米苗期、抽雄、成熟三个时期转基因玉米P1498和C31的土壤蔗糖酶活性均显著高于非转基因玉米Non-Bt P1498,灌浆期差异不显著;2015年仅在灌浆期P1498土壤过氧化氢酶活性比Non-BtP1498显著提高14%,其它时期没有显著差异。3.高通量测序分析表明在苗期、抽雄期和收获期分别检测出2258、1704和1866个OTU,共享率分别为55.22%、43.02%和25.72%。3个玉米品种3个生育期检测出27个门,57个纲和441个已知的细菌属,除未被分类的细菌属外(66个),还有6个候选细菌属。其主要的优势种群门有变形菌门、浮霉菌门、绿弯菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、蓝藻门、装甲菌门等十个门。在苗期和收获期转基因玉米P1498的Chao1指数高于Non-Bt P1498和C31,在抽雄期Chao1指数依次为Non-Bt P1498P1498C31。各种转基因玉米均有其独特的种群,但这些种群相对丰度很低。Shannon指数表明在抽雄期和苗期的转基因玉米显著降低了土壤细菌的多样性,而收获期转基因玉米P1498细菌多样性高于Non-Bt P1498,C31低于Non-Bt P1498。说明两种转基因玉米对土壤细菌的种群结构与多样性具有显著影响。
[Abstract]:Since the commercialization era of transgenic crops began in 1996, the growing area of transgenic crops in the world has expanded rapidly, and the risk of ecological security of transgenic crops has become the focus of attention. In order to evaluate the effect of transgenic maize on the population number, structure and diversity of soil microbes, transgenic BT gene P1498 and herbicide resistant gene C31and non-transgenic maize parent Non-Bt P1498 were used as experimental materials. Soil enzyme method and high-throughput gene sequencing method were used to study the effects of transgenic maize at different growth stages on soil microbes in a two-year pot experiment in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province. The results are as follows: 1. The results showed that two kinds of transgenic maize had effect on bacteria in soil, nitrogen fixing bacteria, Soil fungi of transgenic BT gene P1498 and herbicide resistant gene C31 in 2014 were significantly decreased by 14.3% and 25.8% than that of non-transgenic maize parent Non-Bt P1498, respectively. The difference of actinomycetes between C31 and P1498 and Non-Bt P1498 was significant only in the anthesis stage of 2014, and no effect was found in other growth stages. The results showed that transgenic maize had no significant effect on soil microbial fauna. The results of two years experiment showed that there was no significant effect on urease activity in soil by transgenic maize, and three maize varieties in 2014 had no significant effect on soil alkaline phosphatase and catalase. There was no significant effect on the activity of sucrase. Only a few growth stages of transgenic maize affected soil enzyme activity in 2015. For example, the soil alkaline phosphatase activity of transgenic maize P1498 and C31 at seedling stage was significantly lower than that of Non-Bt P1498 by 7.81% and 5.37%, respectively. Soil sucrase activity of transgenic maize P1498 and C31 was significantly higher than that of non-transgenic maize Non-Bt P1498 in three stages of maturation, but there was no significant difference at filling stage, and only in 2015, the activity of soil catalase in P1498 was significantly higher than that of Non-BtP1498, while in other periods, the activity of soil catalase in P1498 was significantly higher than that in Non-BtP1498. There was no significant difference. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that 2258A1704 and 1866 OTUs were detected at seedling stage, anthesis stage and harvest stage, respectively, and the sharing rates were 55.222.02% and 25.72.3 maize varieties, respectively, 27 phyla, 57 classes and 441 known bacterial genera were detected in 3 growth stages. In addition to the unclassified genera of bacteria (66 species, 6 candidate genera). The main dominant population phylum are phylum, actinomycetes, phylum acidoides, phylum, phylum. The Chao1 index of transgenic maize P1498 at seedling stage and harvest stage was higher than that of Non-Bt P1498 and C31.The Chao1 index of transgenic maize was Non-Bt P1498P1498C31at the heading stage. All kinds of transgenic maize have their own unique populations, but the relative abundance of these populations is very low. Shannon index indicates that transgenic maize at the stage of flowering and seedling significantly reduces the diversity of soil bacteria. The bacterial diversity of transgenic maize P1498 at harvest stage was higher than that of Non-Bt P1498 C31 and Non-Bt P1498. The results showed that the two transgenic maize had a significant effect on the population structure and diversity of soil bacteria.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S513;S154.3

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