四川盆地条锈菌冬繁区小麦品种（系）抗条锈性评价及基因分析

发布时间：2018-05-31 06:04

本文选题：小麦条锈病 + 四川盆地冬繁区　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：小麦是我国的主粮作物,种植面积大约为两千四百万公顷,年产量大约在一亿吨左右,仅次于玉米、水稻。由条形柄锈菌(Puccinia.striiformis f.sp.tritici)引起的小麦条锈病病害在我国发生了多次大区流行,具有流行性强、波及范围广、破坏性大等特点。合理利用抗病品种在小麦条锈病的治理和防控策略中,具有经济、安全、环保等特点。小麦条锈病病原菌的变异性强,新小种不断地产生和流行,导致抗病品种的抗性不断“丧失”。四川盆地是中国小麦条锈菌最重要的冬繁区,是引起东部麦区条锈病春季流行最重要的菌源输出地,有效降低该地区菌源输出量,调控其菌源毒性结构,对中国小麦条锈病大区综合治理具有重要意义。本研究从该地征集了161份小麦材料包括43份当地主栽品种和118份高代品系,应用中国小麦条锈菌流行生理小种条中32(CYR32)、条中33(CYR33)、V26/G22-9和V26/CM42,建立温室内单一条锈病生理小种鉴定体系,在杨凌进行苗期分小种温室抗病性鉴定;并于2015年和2016年连续两年分别进行成株期杨凌人工接种病圃和天水自然诱发条锈菌病圃鉴定,根据苗期和田间成株期的抗病性鉴定结果对其进行抗病类型分类和评价。并综合运用分子标记、抗谱分析和系谱追踪技术对供试材料携带Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18和Yr26相关基因的情况作出分析。结果显示:供试品种(系)中12份具全生育期抗性,占7.45%;28份具成株期抗性,占17.39%;121份表现为感病,占75.16%。分子检测表明,供试材料中26份可能含有Yr9,4份可能含有Yr10,20份可能含有Yr17,8份可能含有Yr18,65份可能含有Yr26,其他材料中未检测到上述Yr基因(分子标记)的存在,其中没有发现可能含Yr5和Yr15的材料。研究表明:当前四川盆地小麦品种(系)整体抗条锈性水平极度偏低,尤其是含Yr26基因的材料在育种中被广泛而单一地利用。随着对Yr26致病的新小种产生,大多数品种(系)丧失抗病性。综合四川盆地地区的特点,建议挖掘具有全生育期抗性的新抗源,通过对当前已有抗病基因更加科学合理布局、多基因聚合育种等手段来提高抗病基因的多样性,提高当地小麦品种的整体抗病水平;同时加强该地区条锈病病害预报和防治,以避免大区的流行,影响我国东部主产麦区的小麦生产安全。
[Abstract]:Wheat is the main grain crop in China. The planting area is about 24 million hectares and the annual yield is about 100 million tons, second only to corn and rice. Wheat stripe rust disease caused by Puccinia.striiformis f.sp. Triticizer has been prevalent in many areas in China. The reasonable use of resistant varieties in wheat stripe rust control and control strategy has the characteristics of economy, safety, environmental protection and so on. The variety of wheat stripe rust pathogen was strong, and the new race was constantly produced and popular, which resulted in the resistance of resistant varieties to be "lost". Sichuan Basin is the most important winter propagation area of wheat stripe rust in China, and it is the most important source export place to cause spring epidemic of wheat stripe rust in eastern China. It is of great significance for comprehensive management of wheat stripe rust in China. In this study, 161 wheat materials were collected, including 43 major varieties and 118 high generation lines. The identification system of single stripe rust physiological races in greenhouse was established by using 32 CYR32, V26 / G22-9 and V26 / CM42 of Chinese wheat stripe rust. Yang Ling was used to identify the disease resistance of seedling species in greenhouse, and Yang Ling artificial inoculation nursery and Tianshui natural induced stripe rust disease nursery were carried out in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The disease resistance types were classified and evaluated according to the identification results of seedling stage and field adult stage. Molecular markers, anti-spectrum analysis and pedigree tracing techniques were used to analyze the Yr5 Yr9 Yr10 Yr15 Yr17 Yr18 and Yr26 related genes. The results showed that 12 of the tested varieties (lines) were resistant to the whole growth stage, accounting for 7.4545 and 28 of them were resistant to adult stage, and 17.391,121 were susceptible to disease, accounting for 75.16. The molecular tests showed that 26 of the tested materials may contain Yr9N, 4 may contain Yr10N, 20 may contain Yr17N, 8 may contain Yr18FN, 65 may contain Yr26.The presence of the Yr gene (molecular marker) has not been detected in other materials. No material possibly containing Yr5 and Yr15 was found. The results showed that the overall resistance to stripe rust of wheat varieties (lines) in Sichuan Basin was extremely low, especially the materials containing Yr26 gene were widely and singly used in breeding. Most varieties (lines) lose disease resistance with the emergence of new races that cause Yr26. Based on the characteristics of Sichuan Basin, it is suggested to excavate new resistance sources with whole growth period, and to improve the diversity of disease resistance genes by means of more scientific and reasonable distribution of existing resistance genes and polygene aggregation breeding. At the same time, the forecast and control of stripe rust disease in this area were strengthened, in order to avoid the epidemic in the large area and to affect the safety of wheat production in the main wheat producing areas in the east of China.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.121.42

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