转非抗虫基因棉花对棉田生物多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-06-03 14:19

本文选题：抗病转基因棉 + 抗旱转基因棉　；参考：《河南农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：转基因育种作为一种新型育种方式,具有周期短、效率高等特点,已成为作物育种界最为重要的技术。随着人口数量的增多、耕地面积不断减少,为提高土地利用率,通过生物技术培育耐旱、耐盐碱、抗病、抗虫、高产等新性状棉花品种已成为新需求。转基因作物的大面积种植,在给人们带来巨大利益的同时可能会对自然和农业生态系统产生负面影响。转基因作物对非靶标生物的负面影响便是其中一个重要的潜在风险。由此,为了科学评价新型转基因棉花对棉田非靶标生物多样性的影响,本试验在2014年和2015年间,在大田隔离条件下研究了抗病转基因棉HN6、耐盐碱转基因棉花013018和抗旱转基因棉花013011等3种不同表达性状的非抗虫转基因棉对田间节肢动物、土壤线虫及跳虫群落影响,以期为新型非抗虫转基因棉花的推广应用提供依据。通过研究得出如下结果:(1)3种非抗虫转基因棉对棉田节肢动物多样性的影响2014-2015年,抗病转基因棉、耐盐碱转基因棉花和抗旱转基因棉田节肢动物多样性与其对照棉田并不存在显著差异,且每种转基因棉田与其对照棉田节肢动物群落相似度均较高。但通过2年间的比较,发现3种非抗虫转基因棉与各自受体对照棉田的节肢动物群落相似性发生了显著变化(P0.05)。2015年抗病转基因棉HN6与其受体对照棉田节肢动物群落相似度(49.86%±0.19)显著低于2014年(76.53%±0.07);2015年抗旱转基因棉013011田与其对照棉田节肢动物群落相似度(32.99%±0.30)显著低于2014年(73.18%±0.06);2015年耐盐碱转基因棉013018田与其受体对照棉田节肢动物群落相似度(62.34%±0.11)显著低于2014年(77.65%±0.33)。表明3种非抗虫转基因棉花对棉田节肢动物多样性的影响可能存在年代累积作用,但这仍需进一步研究。(2)3种非抗虫转基因棉对土壤线虫多样性的影响2014-2015年,与各自受体对照棉田相比,抗病转基因棉HN6土壤食真菌线虫多度显著增多,尤其是真滑刃属线虫Aphelenchus显著增多,而捕食性线虫多度显著降低;抗旱转基因棉013011土壤线虫属丰富度显著降低(P0.05),土壤食细菌线虫多度显著增加(P0.05),尤其是中杆属线虫Mesorhabditis多度显著增加(P0.05),捕食性桑尼属Thornia线虫显著低于其受体对照田(P0.01);各处理其他生态学指标和营养类群并不受性状因素影响。2014年抗病转基因棉013011土壤线虫均匀度J显著增多。在2年调查期内,抗病转基因棉HN6和其受体对照棉Z24的土壤线虫通路指数NCR、F/B,耐盐碱转基因棉013018和其受体对照棉Q的土壤线虫总数、食细菌线虫、捕食杂食线虫多度,抗旱转基因棉013011和其受体棉TH2的土壤线虫NCR、F/B、EI、MI、PPI、PPI/MI指数均受采样时间影响,差异显著,而不受性状因素影响。研究结果表明,3种非抗虫转基因棉花的种植对土壤线虫个别稀有属产生影响,而对优势属没有影响。(3)3种新型转基因棉对棉田土壤跳虫多样性的影响2014-2015年,与各自受体对照相比,3种非抗虫转基因棉对棉田土壤跳虫均不产生显著影响。耐盐碱转基因棉013018和其受体对照棉Q土壤跳虫的丰富度S、多样性指数H、营养多样性指数TD均受采样时间影响,差异显著。
[Abstract]:As a new breeding method, transgenic breeding has the characteristics of short cycle and high efficiency. It has become the most important technology in the crop breeding field. With the increase of population, the area of cultivated land is decreasing continuously. In order to improve the land use rate, new traits such as drought tolerance, salt tolerance, resistance to disease, insect resistance and high yield have been developed by biotechnology. New demand. Large area planting of genetically modified crops may have a negative impact on natural and Agro ecosystem while bringing great benefits to people. The negative effects of genetically modified crops on non target organisms are one of the important potential risks. In order to evaluate the value of new transgenic cotton for non target organisms for scientific evaluation of transgenic cotton In 2014 and 2015, the effects of non resistant transgenic cotton on transgenic cotton HN6, salt tolerant transgenic cotton 013018 and drought resistant transgenic cotton 013011 were studied in 2014 and 2015. The effects of non insect resistant transgenic cotton on the field arthropod, soil line worm and the hopper community were studied as a new type of non insect resistant transgenic cotton. The results are as follows: (1) the effects of 3 non insect resistant transgenic cotton on arthropod diversity in cotton field for 2014-2015 years, the diversity of arthropod in transgenic cotton, salt tolerant transgenic cotton and drought resistant transgenic cotton field is not significantly different from that of the control cotton field. The similarity of arthropod community in cotton field and its control cotton field was high, but compared with 2 years, the similarity of arthropod community of 3 non resistant transgenic cotton and its receptor control cotton field was significantly changed (P0.05).2015 year resistant transgenic cotton HN6 and its receptor control cotton field arthropod community similarity (49.86% + 0.19) It was significantly lower than that in 2014 (76.53% + 0.07); the similarity between 013011 fields of transgenic cotton in 2015 and the arthropod community in the control cotton field (32.99% + 0.30) was significantly lower than that in 2014 (73.18% + 0.06), and the similarity of the arthropod community in the saline alkali resistant transgenic cotton 013018 field and its receptor control cotton field (62.34% + 0.11) in 2015 was significantly lower than that in 2014 (77.65% + 0.33). The effect of 3 non insect resistant transgenic cotton on the diversity of arthropod in cotton field may have cumulative effect, but it still needs further study. (2) the effect of 3 kinds of non insect resistant transgenic cotton on soil nematode diversity is 2014-2015 years. Compared with their respective receptor control cotton fields, the abundance of edible fungi in the soil of resistant transgenic cotton HN6 increased significantly. In particular, the number of Aphelenchus in the genus nematode was significantly increased, and the abundance of predatory nematodes decreased significantly; the richness of soil nematode in the 013011 soil nematodes was significantly reduced (P0.05), and the abundance of soil nematodes was significantly increased (P0.05), especially in the genus nematode Mesorhabditis (P0.05), and the Thornia line of the predatory Sonny genus. The parasite was significantly lower than that of its receptor control field (P0.01); other ecological indicators and nutritional groups were not affected by the influence of the trait factors. The homogeneity of the soil nematode homogeneity of the transgenic cotton 013011 increased significantly in.2014 years. In the 2 year period, the resistant transgenic cotton HN6 and the soil nematode pathway index of its receptor control cotton Z24 were NCR, F/B, and salt tolerant transgenic cotton. The total number of soil nematodes in cotton 013018 and its receptor control cotton Q, bacterial nematode, predatory nematode abundance, drought resistant transgenic cotton 013011 and its receptor cotton TH2 soil nematode NCR, F/B, EI, MI, PPI, PPI/MI index were all affected by the sampling time, and were not affected by the trait factors. The results showed that 3 kinds of non insect resistant transgenic cotton were found. There was no influence on the individual rare genus of soil nematode, but no influence on the dominant genus. (3) the effect of 3 new transgenic cotton on the diversity of soil hopper in cotton fields for 2014-2015 years, compared with the respective receptor pairs, and 3 kinds of non insect resistant transgenic cotton had no significant influence on the soil hopper in the cotton field. Salt tolerant transgenic cotton 013018 and its receptor control The richness S, diversity index H, and TD of cotton Q soil Collembola were all affected by sampling time, and the difference was significant.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S562

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