中国冬小麦品种的白粉病抗性评价与抗病基因分析

发布时间：2018-06-04 22:46

本文选题：小麦白粉病 + 国家区域试验　；参考：《河北科技师范学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：小麦是我国重要的作物,主要用于粮食、饲料、工业原料等。白粉病是严重影响我国冬小麦生产的一种流行性叶部病害。小麦白粉病菌(Blumeria graminisf.sp.tritici,Bgt)是一种专性寄生菌,在我国冬麦区都有分布。提高品种抗病性是冬小麦品种改良的一个重要的育种目标。本研究的目的是:(1)通过对2012-2015年参加国家冬小麦区域试验的品种进行抗性评价和抗病基因分子检测,了解我国冬小麦品种抗白粉病育种的状况和潜力;(2)采用不同的白粉菌菌株对良星99和利用良星99培育的品系进行抗性评价和分子标记检测,有助于良星99的抗白粉病基因Pm52在育种和生产上的有效利用;(3)采用BSR-Seq方法定位小麦品种山农20的抗白粉病基因。主要的研究结果如下:1、利用8个不同来源的白粉菌菌株对426份国家冬小麦区域试验参试品种进行苗期抗性评价。参试品种对8个菌株的抗性频率各不相同(13.6-25.4%)。在这些品种中,有152份参试品种至少抗1个菌株,占35.7%。在通过审定的129个小麦品种中的抗病品种的频率不到30%。北部冬麦区66个参试品种苗期对各个白粉菌的抗性均低于20%。西南冬麦区66个参试品种和长江中下游冬麦区46个参试品种50%以上可以抗至少1个菌株。利用混合菌株进行抗性鉴定只有19.7%的参试品种在2年田间鉴定中都能表现成株期抗性,不过西南冬麦区的抗病品种频率超过50%。2、利用Pm8和Pm21的功能标记和连锁标记对参试品种进行检测,发现36.9%的品种含有Pm8基因,其中北部冬麦区和黄淮冬麦区的频率分别为50.0%和44.8%。在审定品种中Pm8基因的频率也有41.1%。有15个品种可能含有Pm21基因,其中有11个品种来自西南冬麦区,另外3个品种来自长江中下游冬麦区,1个品种来自黄淮冬麦区,在北部冬麦区的参试品种中没有检测到Pm21基因。3、良星99是黄淮冬麦区和北部冬麦区推广的抗白粉病冬小麦品种,其抗白粉病基因位于2BL染色体,已被命名为Pm52。利用来自不同小麦生产区的123个小麦白粉菌菌株进行抗性鉴定,良星99可抗80%的菌株。2013-2016年连续4个生长季抗性鉴定中,良星99在成株期对接种的白粉菌混合菌株都表现免疫或高抗。采用Pm52基因紧密连锁分子标记Xgwm120和27个菌株对10个利用良星99培育的品系进行分子检测和抗性分析发现,衡4568、邯农2312、中信麦99和DH51302可能携带Pm52基因,而郑麦369和冀麦729的白粉病抗性基因可能与Pm52不同。石U09-4366、XR4429、衡10-5039和农大3486苗期和成株期都表现感病,不含Pm52基因。这些品种的成株期抗性反应与苗期的抗性反应一致。4、冬小麦品种山农20表现很强的苗期和成株期白粉病抗性。利用山农20×邯4564的F1、F2和F2:3群体进行抗性遗传分析,发现山农20对菌株E20的抗性由1对显性基因控制,暂命名为PmSN20。利用BSR-Seq方法将PmSN20基因定位于5DS染色体的Pm2基因座上。序列比对结果表明PmSN20与Pm2的核苷酸序列相同,为同一基因。利用38个小麦白粉菌菌株进行抗性鉴定,PmSN20与Pm2的抗谱非常相似。
[Abstract]:Wheat is an important crop in China, mainly used in grain, feed, and industrial raw materials. Powdery mildew is a popular leaf disease which seriously affects the production of Winter Wheat in China. Blumeria graminisf.sp.tritici (Bgt) is a kind of special parasitic fungus, which is distributed in winter wheat areas in China. An important breeding goal was improved. The purpose of this study is: (1) to understand the status and potential of breeding for resistance to powdery mildew of Winter Wheat Varieties in China through the resistance evaluation and molecular detection of resistance genes in the National Winter Wheat Regional Trials for 2012-2015 years. (2) the use of different powdery mildew strains for good star 99 and the use of good star 99 culture. The resistance evaluation and molecular marker detection were helpful to the effective utilization of the powdery mildew resistant gene Pm52 in breeding and production, and (3) the BSR-Seq method was used to locate the powdery mildew resistance gene of Shannong 20 in wheat variety. The main results were as follows: 1, 426 national winter wheat regions were used in 8 different sources of powdery mildew strains. The resistance of the tested varieties was evaluated. The resistance frequency of the tested varieties to 8 strains was different (13.6-25.4%). In these varieties, 152 tested varieties were resistant to at least 1 strains, and the frequency of 35.7%. in the approved varieties of wheat varieties was less than that of 66 cultivars in the northern winter wheat area of the north of 30%.. The resistance of powdery mildew is lower than that of 66 tested varieties in the southwest winter wheat area of 20%. and 46 of the winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, more than 50% can resist at least 1 strains. More than 50%.2, using functional markers and linkage markers of Pm8 and Pm21 to test the tested varieties, it was found that 36.9% of the varieties contained Pm8 gene, of which the frequency of the northern winter wheat area and the Huang Huai winter wheat region were 50% and 44.8%. in the tested varieties, the frequency of Pm8 gene was also 41.1%. and the Pm21 gene might contain 15 varieties, of which 11 varieties were found. The other 3 varieties come from the winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the other 3 varieties come from the winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and 1 varieties come from the winter wheat area of Huang Huai. No.3 is detected in the tested varieties of the northern winter wheat area. The good star 99 is the winter wheat varieties of powdery mildew in the winter wheat and northern winter wheat areas, and the powdery mildew resistance gene is located on the 2BL chromosome and has been named. 123 strains of wheat powdery mildew from different wheat production areas were identified for resistance to Pm52.. Good star 99 could resist 80% in 4 growing season resistance identification. Good star 99 showed immunization or high resistance to all inoculated powdery mildew strains at adult stage. Xgwm120 and 27 Pm52 gene closely linked molecular markers were used. The molecular detection and resistance analysis of 10 strains cultivated by good star 99 found that Heng 4568, Hanong 2312, CITIC wheat 99 and DH51302 may carry the Pm52 gene, and the powdery mildew resistance genes of Zhengmai 369 and jimmai 729 may be different from that of Pm52. Stone U09-4366, XR4429, Heng 10-5039 and Nongda 3486 show a sense of disease and do not contain Pm5 at seedling and adult stage. 2 gene. The resistance response of these varieties to plant stage was consistent with the resistance reaction of seedling stage.4, and winter wheat variety Shannong 20 showed very strong seedling and plant stage powdery mildew resistance. Using F1, F2 and F2:3 population of Shannong 20 x Han 4564, the resistance genetic analysis was carried out, and the resistance of mountain farmer 20 against strain E20 was controlled by 1 dominant genes, temporarily named PmSN20. The BSR-Seq method was used to locate the PmSN20 gene on the Pm2 locus on the 5DS chromosome. The sequence alignment showed that the nucleotide sequence of PmSN20 and Pm2 was the same as the same gene. The resistance of 38 wheat powdery mildew strains was identified, and the anti spectrum of PmSN20 and Pm2 was very similar.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.121.45

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