硝化抑制剂对不同基因型鲜食玉米农艺性状的研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 11:44

本文选题：鲜食玉米 + 氮素　；参考：《南京农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国土壤普遍缺氮,增施氮肥成为提高作物产量的必要措施。土壤氮素养分的供应是影响作物产量与品质的重要因素。由于土壤中存在硝化作用,容易造成部分氮肥损失,且影响作物生长环境。为此,本研究结合实际应用需要,选用了具有代表性的18个不同鲜食玉米基因型,通过田间试验,测定了不同鲜食玉米基因型的农艺性状、产量、氮效率相关指标和收获指数在土壤施用硝化抑制剂(Nitrapyrin,NP)后的变化与差异,并利用聚类分析方法,对不同基因型鲜食玉米在硝化抑制剂NP施用后的氮肥生产力、氮素吸收量和利用效率等指标进行分类,验证NP对不同基因型鲜食玉米品种氮素利用的作用效果。同时还通过大田试验测试了不同栽培密度下施用NP对'晶甜18'超甜玉米产量的影响,揭示NP能够适当增加鲜食玉米的栽培密度,并达到增产效果。在此基础上,通过qRT-PCR方法测定了氮同化相关基因NR(Nitrate reductase,硝酸还原酶)、GS(Glutamine synthetase,谷氨酰胺合成酶)的表达水平,分析了 NP对鲜食玉米'晶糯8号'苗期体内氮代谢所产生的影响。本研究旨在为鲜食玉米品种推广中如何实现氮肥优化管理、提高氮素吸收利用,促进产量与改善品质提供一些具体的指导措施。主要结果如下:1.不同基因型鲜食玉米在施用硝化抑制剂NP后,鲜穗产量、鲜籽粒产量、生物量、收获指数及氮素相关利用指标均存在较大差异。通过对上述指标进行聚类分析,可将18个供试基因型划分为4类。第一类是N1(苏玉糯5号)、S4(晶白甜糯1301)、S5(TN1504)、N5(CN1508)和N6(京科糯2000)等五种不同基因型;第二类是T1(晶甜3号)、T2(晶甜18)、T4(华珍)、T5(金中玉)、S1(晶彩花糯5号)、S2(彩甜糯6号)、N2(晶糯8号)和N3(苏科糯3号)共八种基因型;第三类是T3(BT1501)、T6(HT3605)、S6(TN9866)和N4(ZN7099)四种基因型;第四类只有S3(黑糯1号)基因型。其中,第二类鲜果穗产量与鲜籽粒产量增幅较大,氮肥偏生产力提高幅度大,收获指数均相应增加,适合NP配施氮肥模式管理,且效果理想的一类。2.大田试验中,甜玉米'晶甜18'在种植密度为4.8×104株/hm2-7.2×104株/hm2条件下,密度的增加使玉米植株的高度、玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数和单果重等性状发生变化,小区产量呈显著相关。研究表明,在对照处理中,'晶甜18'的合理种植密度为5.4×104株/hm2,增施NP处理后,'晶甜18'的最佳种植密度增加到6.6×104株/hm2,提高了鲜穗总产量,但并未对其鲜穗的商品质量造成影响。这对于科学合理地利用土地资源和肥料资源具有重要的指导意义。3.qRT-PCR结果显示,NR基因的表达受NP硝化抑制剂的影响。在施用硝化抑制剂NP条件下,'晶糯8号'叶片和根系中NR基因的表达量均表现出显著的调控差异。此外,GS基因也受NP作用的影响,但与CK相比,其差异性并不显著。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen deficiency is common in soil in China. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer is a necessary measure to increase crop yield. Soil nitrogen supply is an important factor affecting crop yield and quality. Because of nitrification in soil, it is easy to cause partial loss of nitrogen fertilizer and affect crop growth environment. In order to meet the needs of practical application, 18 representative fresh maize genotypes were selected, and the agronomic characters and yield of different fresh eating maize genotypes were determined by field experiments. The changes and differences of nitrogen efficiency related indexes and harvest index after application of nitrification inhibitor Nitrapyrinyrinum NP) were studied. The nitrogen fertilizer productivity of different genotypes of fresh eating maize after application of nitrification inhibitor NP was analyzed by cluster analysis. Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency were classified to verify the effect of NP on nitrogen utilization of different genotypes of fresh eating maize varieties. At the same time, the effects of NP application on the yield of 'Jingtian18'super sweet corn under different planting densities were also tested, which revealed that NP could increase the planting density of fresh corn and achieve the effect of increasing yield. On this basis, the expression level of nitrogen assimilation related gene NRN nitratreductase, nitrate reductase Glutamine synthetase (Glutamine synthetase) was determined by qRT-PCR, and the effect of NP on nitrogen metabolism of fresh eating maize 'Jingnuo 8' was analyzed. The purpose of this study was to provide some specific guidance measures for the optimization management of nitrogen fertilizer, the improvement of nitrogen absorption and utilization, the promotion of yield and the improvement of quality in the popularization of fresh corn varieties. The main results are as follows: 1. There were significant differences in fresh ear yield, fresh grain yield, biomass, harvest index and nitrogen related utilization index between different genotypes of fresh corn treated with nitrification inhibitor NP. By cluster analysis of the above indexes, 18 genotypes can be divided into 4 types. The first type was N1 (Suyunuo No. 5 S4) and N6 (Jingkenuo 2000). The two genotypes were T1 (Jingtian3) T2 (Jingtian18T4) (Jinzhongyunzao S1 (Jingcaihuanuo 5) and S2 (Caitiannuo No. 6) and N3 (Sukenuo 3), and the third type was T3BBT1501T6HT3605S6TN9866 and N4ZZN7099). In the fourth category, only the S 3 (Heinuo 1) genotype was found. Among them, the second kind of fresh fruit yield and fresh grain yield increased greatly, nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity increased greatly, harvest index increased correspondingly, which is suitable for NP combined with nitrogen fertilizer mode management, and the effect is ideal. 2. In the field experiment, under the condition of planting density of 4.8 脳 10 ~ 4 plants / hm ~ (2) / hm ~ (2), the height, ear length, ear diameter, row number of ear and fruit weight per ear were changed with the increase of density, and the yield of plot was significantly related to the plant height, ear length, ear diameter, row number of ear and single fruit weight. The results showed that the reasonable planting density of 'Jingtian 18' was 5.4 脳 10 ~ 4 plants / hm ~ (2), and the optimum planting density was 6.6 脳 10 ~ (4) plants / hm ~ (2) after the application of NP, which increased the total yield of fresh ear, but had no effect on the quality of fresh ear. The results showed that the expression of NR gene was affected by NP-nitrification inhibitor. Under the application of nitrification inhibitor NP, the expression of NR gene in the leaves and roots of 'Jinnuo 8' showed significant regulatory differences. In addition, GS gene was also affected by NP, but the difference was not significant compared with CK.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S513

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