白粉虱对不同黄瓜材料挥发成分、酶基因表达量和营养物质的影响

发布时间：2018-06-27 13:13

本文选题：白粉虱 + 营养物质　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：黄瓜是世界范围内的主要蔬菜之一,不仅具有丰富的营养价值,还具有较高的美容价值,深受广大消费者的喜爱。近年来,随着设施栽培技术的提高,黄瓜种植在时间领域不断被延伸,种植面积不断被扩大化、规模化,这也为白粉虱的大面积侵害提供了有利条件。本课题组在黄瓜种质资源研究中发现,某些新种质材料对白粉虱具有较强的抗性,这就为培育黄瓜抗粉虱新品种,在生产中减少化学农药使用,避免农药残留、土壤环境污染以及粉虱抗药性等一系类问题提供了新的思路。本研究以本课题组提供的4份黄瓜(4号、13号、19号、76号)抗性材料为试材,以不抗白粉虱的‘大青把’黄瓜材料为对照,探讨了不同黄瓜新材料叶片组织结构差异和接种白粉虱前后挥发性物质、防御性酶基因相对表达量及营养物质的变化,旨在为黄瓜抗粉虱机理进行进一步探究,为抗粉虱黄瓜资源的进一步筛选、抗粉虱品种培育提供理论支撑和科学依据。主要研究结果如下:1.各材料接种白粉虱后,其抗性根据粉虱数量及粉虱量比值可分为三类:13号和4号为中抗,19号为低抗,76号和对照为不抗。2.接种粉虱后,各黄瓜新材料5种防御酶(PPO、HPL、LOX、SOD、APX)基因相对表达量变化差异较大,响应机制从高到低依次为:13号、4号、19号、76号、对照,这与抗虫性分级一致。3.不同黄瓜材料对白粉虱抗性与叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度无关,而与下表皮厚度、叶片组织疏松度有关,即下表皮越厚、叶片组织疏松度越小,抗性越强。4.各黄瓜材料挥发性物质均检测到5大类,苗期主要为醇类、酯类物质,而成株期主要为醇类、酯类和芳香烃类。同时,苗期抗性主要与乙醇含量的升高,己醇、罗勒烯含量的降低相关;而成株期抗性主要与乙酸叶醇酯增加,顺-3-己烯醇、3-己烯醛、金合欢烯等物质含量减少相关。5.叶片营养物质含量影响抗性,成株期比苗期表现更敏感。但无论苗期还是成株期,黄瓜对粉虱抗性与叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸、维生素C含量呈负相关,而与脯氨酸含量呈正相关。
[Abstract]:Cucumber is one of the main vegetables in the world. It not only has rich nutrition value, but also has high beauty value. In recent years, with the improvement of protected cultivation technology, cucumber cultivation has been extended in the time domain, and the planting area has been expanded and large-scale, which also provides favorable conditions for the large area damage of white whitefly. In the study of cucumber germplasm resources, we found that some new germplasm materials have strong resistance to whitefly, which is to cultivate new varieties of cucumber resistance to whitefly, to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and to avoid pesticide residues in production. Soil environmental pollution and whitefly resistance provide a new way of thinking. In this study, 4 cucumber (4, 13, 19, 76) resistant materials provided by our group were used as test materials, and 'Daqingba' cucumber, which was not resistant to white whitefly, was used as control. The difference of leaf tissue structure of different cucumber materials and the changes of relative expression of defensive enzyme gene and nutrients before and after inoculation with white whitefly were discussed in order to further explore the mechanism of resistance to whitefly in cucumber. It provides theoretical support and scientific basis for further selection of resistant cucumber resources and breeding of resistant whitefly varieties. The main results are as follows: 1. After inoculation of white whitefly, its resistance could be divided into three groups according to the number of whitefly and the ratio of whitefly quantity: 13 and 4 as middle resistance, 19 as low resistance, 76 and control as non-resistant. After inoculation with whitefly, the relative expression of 5 kinds of defense enzymes (PPO-HPLLX, LOXLX, SODAPX) in cucumber varied greatly, and the response mechanism from high to low was 13, 4, 19 and 76, which was consistent with the classification of insect resistance. The resistance of different cucumber to whitefly was not related to leaf thickness, upper epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness, but was related to the thickness of lower epidermis and the looseness of leaf tissue, that is, the thicker the lower epidermis, the less loose the leaf tissue. The stronger the resistance. Five kinds of volatile substances were detected in all cucumber materials, mainly alcohols and esters in seedling stage, and alcohols, esters and aromatics in adult plants. At the same time, the resistance at seedling stage was mainly related to the increase of ethanol content, the decrease of hexanol and basilerene content, and the increase of leaf alcohol acetate, the decrease of content of cis-3-hexenol 3-hexenal, and the decrease of acacia content in adult stage. Leaf nutrient content affected resistance, and the adult stage was more sensitive than the seedling stage. However, the resistance of cucumber to whitefly was negatively correlated with leaf soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid and vitamin C content, but positively correlated with proline content both at seedling stage and adult stage.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.421.22

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