光照对白羽王鸽生产性能、激素水平及相关基因表达的影响

发布时间：2018-07-28 07:06

【摘要】：目前我国养鸽业蓬勃发展,随着人们对鸽产品的需求日益增加,鸽的高效养殖自然受到广泛关注。众所周知,光照是影响禽类的重要因素,但高效完善的人工光照措施还未在鸽养殖业中普及,此外,光照对鸽生产性能的影响及其作用机制也尚不清楚。本试验旨在研究不同光照制度及不同光波长对白羽王鸽生产性能的影响,为全面分析光照影响鸽生产性能的作用机制提供参考,同时,也为传统养殖模式的转变提供了理论依据和实践指导。试验一:本试验研究不同光照时长对种鸽生产性能的影响,试验选取白羽王鸽81对,随机分为3个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,光照制度分别为16L:8D、12L:12D、8L:16D,光照强度约为20 lx,试验期45d。结果发现,与12L:12D组比,16L:8D组种鸽产蛋量极显著增加(P0.01),8L:16D组极显著减少(P0.01),8L:16D组种鸽的平均蛋重分别比16L:8D和12L:12D组低1.34g和1.05g,且差异显著(P0.05)。放射免疫测定法分析种鸽血清激素水平,发现16L:8D组母鸽血清中LH、FSH和E2水平都要高于其它两组,8L:16D组各激素水平较低(P0.05)。但是,光照时长对公鸽血清激素水平无影响。荧光定量RT-PCR结果显示,各处理组种鸽FSH、LH基因在垂体中表达量最高,16L:8D组显著提高种鸽垂体和卵巢FSH基因的表达水平(P0.05);LH基因在各组织中都有不同程度的表达,16L:8D组显著性提高了 LH基因的表达水平(P0.05),相反8L:16D组对各组织中LH基因的表达起下调作用(P0.05)。总体来看,在本试验条件下,16L:8D光照制度能显著增加种鸽产蛋量,提高其生产性能。试验二:本试验研究不同光波长对种鸽繁殖性能和乳鸽增重的影响,试验选取白羽王鸽60对,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,分别为红光、绿光、紫光和白光组(对照),光照制度为16L:8D,光照强度约为20 lx,试验期100 d。结果表明,红光能有效提高种鸽产蛋量(P0.05),紫光组种鸽产蛋量下降(P0.05),但与白光组相比,红光组鸽蛋破蛋率较高(P0.05)。与白光相比,绿光能显著提高21日龄乳鸽体重(P0.05),但单色光对25日龄乳鸽体重无影响(P0.05)。放射免疫测定法分析种鸽血清中激素水平,发现红光和绿光能够提高种鸽血清FSH、LH和E2水平,紫光条件下,各激素水平明显下降(P0.05),各光色组PRL水平无显著性差异(P0.05)。此外,单色光对公鸽血清激素水平无影响。荧光定量RT-PCR结果显示,各光色组种鸽FSH、LH基因在垂体中表达量最高,而FSHR、LHR、ER和AR基因在性腺中有较高表达;红光能显著提高了垂体组织FSH、LH的表达量(P0.05),紫光则对FSH、LH的表达起显著下调作用(P0.05);FSHR、LHR基因在红光和白光条件下表达有优势,而紫光显著降低了 FSHR、LHR基因在性腺中的表达量(P0.05);红光和绿光对卵巢中的ER的表达有显著促进作用(P0.05),而AR在睾丸中的表达未见显著性差异(P0.05)。综上所述,与白光相比,红光能有效提高种鸽产蛋量,绿光能促进乳鸽21日龄体重。
[Abstract]:At present, the pigeon breeding industry in our country is booming. With the increasing demand for pigeon products, the efficient breeding of pigeon is paid more and more attention. It is well known that light is an important factor affecting poultry, but the efficient and perfect artificial illumination measures have not been popularized in pigeon breeding. In addition, the effect of light on pigeon production performance and its mechanism are not clear. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different light regimes and wavelength on the production performance of white feather pigeon, and to provide a reference for the analysis of the mechanism of the effect of light on the production performance of pigeon. It also provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for the transformation of traditional culture mode. Experiment 1: the effect of different light duration on the production performance of pigeons was studied. 81 pairs of white feather pigeons were randomly divided into three treatment groups, each treatment group had 3 repetitions, the illumination system was 16L: 8D 12L: 12D: 12D: 8L: 16D, the light intensity was about 20lx, and the experiment period was 45d. The results showed that the average egg weight of pigeon in 16L: 8D group was 1.34g and 1.05g lower than that of 16L:8D group and 12L:12D group (P0.01), and the average egg weight of 8L: 16D group was 1.34g and 1.05g lower than that of 16L:8D group and 12L:12D group (P0.05). The serum hormone level of pigeon in 16L:8D group was higher than that in other two groups (P0.05). However, light duration had no effect on serum hormone level of male pigeon. Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR showed that, The highest expression of FSH LH gene in pituitary gland of pigeon treated with 16L: 8D (P0.05) the expression of LH gene in pituitary and ovary of pigeon was significantly increased in 16L: 8D group (P0.05) the expression of LH gene was significantly increased in 16L: 8D group (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the expression of LH gene was down-regulated in 8L:16D group (P0.05). In general, 16L: 8D light system can significantly increase the egg production and improve the production performance of pigeon. Experiment 2: the effects of different light wave lengths on breeding performance and weight gain of pigeons were studied. 60 pairs of white feather pigeons were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, each treatment group with 3 repetitions, red light and green light, respectively. The illumination system was 16L: 8D, the light intensity was about 20lx, and the experiment period was 100 days. The results showed that red light could effectively increase the number of eggs produced by pigeons (P0.05), and the number of eggs produced by pigeons in purple light group decreased (P0.05), but compared with white light group, the egg breaking rate of red light group was higher than that of white light group (P0.05). Compared with white light, green light could significantly increase the body weight of 21-day-old squab (P0.05), but monochromatic light had no effect on the body weight of 25-day-old squab (P0.05). Radioimmunoassay showed that red light and green light could increase the levels of FSH LH and E2 in pigeon serum. Under purple light, the levels of each hormone decreased significantly (P0.05). There was no significant difference in PRL level among light groups (P0.05). In addition, monochromatic light had no effect on serum hormone level of male pigeon. The results of fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression of FSH LH gene was the highest in the pituitary gland, while the expression of ER and AR genes in the gonad was higher. Red light could significantly increase the expression of FSH LH in pituitary tissue (P0.05), while purple light could significantly down-regulate the expression of FSH LH. (P0.05) the expression of FSHRLHR LHR gene in red light and white light had an advantage. Purple light significantly decreased the expression of FSHR-LHR gene in gonad (P0.05), red light and green light significantly promoted the expression of ER in ovary (P0.05), but the expression of AR in testis had no significant difference (P0.05). In conclusion, compared with white light, red light can effectively increase the number of eggs produced by pigeons, and green light can promote the body weight of young pigeons at 21 days of age.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S836

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