人类基因增强技术的伦理问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 14:02

【摘要】：基因技术作为21世纪科技舞台的主角,其产生和发展实现了人类思维模式和生活方式的深度改变,促使人类更好地认识自己,探索生命之奥妙。人类基因增强技术,是指通过基因技术手段,将人们认为不完美的正常基因加以改造达到使某些性状和能力增强目的的一种基因干预技术。基因增强根据目的不同分为医学目的的基因增强和非医学目的的基因增强;根据增强的部位不同分为体细胞的基因增强和生殖细胞的基因增强,体细胞的基因增强改变的是个体本身,而对生殖细胞进行基因增强则可能对后代人造成不可预测的后果。以医学为目的的基因增强即基因治疗已经被我们普遍接受,并应用于临床医学,如,对血友病的治疗等。然而,我们在享用技术带来福利的同时,也应深刻反思基因增强技术给我们生活带来的各种伦理问题。本文重点研究的是非医学目的的基因增强技术在实际应用中所面临的一些列社会伦理问题,找到这些问题产生的原因并运用生命伦理学的相关知识找到解决问题的途径与对策,减少基因增强技术带来的负面影响,更好地造福人类。本文共分六部分,第一部分从基因增强技术的研究背景及选题意义入手,通过阅读国内外相关文献,分析现有的技术成果,用所学的生命伦理学的相关知识找出目前研究的缺点与不足,明确文章研究方法,提出创新点;第二部分,介绍了人类基因增强技术的涵义、类别以及发展现状和发展趋势;第三部分提出了技术给人类带来的伦理问题,主要包括在人类基因增强过程中产生的一些风险问题、基因增强带来的社会公平性问题以及“完美婴儿设计”带来的人的尊严问题等;第四部分从技术伦理的角度深入分析了问题产生的原因;第五部分,针对上一章产生的问题提出了应对原则与措施。第六部分对全篇文章总结。
[Abstract]:As the protagonist of the stage of science and technology in the 21st century, the generation and development of gene technology have realized the deep change of human thinking mode and way of life, which urges human beings to better understand themselves and explore the mystery of life. Human gene enhancement is a kind of gene intervention technology, which can improve some characters and abilities by means of gene technology, which can modify the normal genes that people think are not perfect. Gene enhancement is divided into medical purpose gene enhancement and non-medical purpose gene enhancement according to the purpose, and somatic cell gene enhancement and germ cell gene enhancement according to the site of enhancement. Genetic enhancement of somatic cells changes the individual itself, while gene enhancement of germ cells may have unpredictable consequences for future generations. Gene enhancement for medical purposes, that is, gene therapy, has been widely accepted and applied in clinical medicine, such as hemophilia treatment. However, while enjoying the benefits of technology, we should also reflect on the ethical issues brought about by genetic enhancement technology in our lives. This paper focuses on the list of social ethical problems faced by non-medical purpose gene enhancement technology in practical application, finds out the causes of these problems, and uses the relevant knowledge of bioethics to find out the ways and countermeasures to solve the problems. Reduce the negative impact of genetic enhancement technology, and better benefit mankind. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part begins with the research background and the significance of the topic selection of gene enhancement technology, and analyzes the existing technical achievements by reading the relevant literature at home and abroad. Using the relevant knowledge of bioethics to find out the shortcomings and shortcomings of the present research, to make clear the research methods, to put forward the innovation points, the second part, introduced the meaning, the category, the development status and the development trend of the human gene enhancement technology; The third part puts forward the ethical problems that technology brings to human beings, including some risk problems in the process of human gene enhancement. The problem of social equity brought by gene enhancement and the problem of human dignity brought by "perfect baby design"; the fourth part analyzes the causes of the problem from the point of view of technical ethics; the fifth part, In view of the problems arising from the previous chapter, the author puts forward the corresponding principles and measures. The sixth part summarizes the whole article.
【学位授予单位】：锦州医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-057

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