江西和海南省斑痣盘菌科分类与该科双基因系统发育学研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 21:09

【摘要】：本文对自行采集和安徽农业大学森林菌物标本室(AAUF)的海南和江西省斑痣盘菌科标本进行分类研究和分子鉴定。对于该科的分类采用现代菌物分类技术,从形态解剖学、生理生态学、生物学和个体发育学等方面进行较全面系统的研究。随着现代分子技术的发展,在个体表型研究鉴定的基础上,本文以现代分子生物技术,基于ITS、28SrDNA序列以及二基因的结合序列分别构建斑痣盘菌科(Rhytsmataceae Chevall.)的系统发育树,探讨了该科属间、属内种间及种内的亲缘关系和遗传多样性。以Darker(1976)、CannonMinter(1983,1986)、Johnston(1986)等人提出的分类系统原则为主要依据,对海南和江西两省斑痣盘菌科标本进行分类学研究,共查明齿裂菌属(Coccomyces)、特里尔盘菌属(Terriera)、散斑壳属(Lophodermium)、玛莎盘菌属(Marthamyces)、斑痣盘菌属(Rhytisma)、黑皮盘菌属(Meloderma)6属13个种,其中新种5个,包括山铜材齿裂菌(Coccomyces chuniae)、榕特里尔盘菌(Terriera fici)、长特里尔盘菌(T.elongata)、蔷薇特里尔盘菌(T.rosae)、稀疏特里尔盘菌(T.sparsa);已知种8个,分别为粗丝齿裂菌(Coccomyces crassissimus)、中国齿裂菌(C.sinensis)、南方散斑壳(Lophodermium australe)、异枝散斑壳(L.heterocladum)、乔松散斑壳(L.pini-excelsae)、中国玛莎盘菌(Marthamyces chinensis)、德斯马泽黑皮盘菌(Meloderma desmazieri)和喜马斑痣盘菌(Rhytisma himalense)。对新种本文提供了形态学的宏观和微观图片、手绘点线图以及详细文字描述,寄主和生境的说明,并加以讨论;对中国已知种进行了形态学特征的简要描述和分析,并进行了补充性的研究。采用CTAB法对供试菌株进行基因组DNA的提取、鉴定纯化并测序以及在GeBank中下载查找选取合适的序列,以柔膜菌目中的Leotiia lubrica(AY144561)为外群,分别建立ITS序列、28SrDNA序列以及ITS与28SrDNA结合序列的系统发育树。通过系统树分析可以看出:在斑痣盘菌科属间的系统发育关系中,区别斑痣盘菌科各属的最重要特征是子囊果形状及开口方式和子囊孢子的形状,而子囊果的埋生深度和侧丝的形态不是关键的区别特征;种间关系中,子囊果的埋生深度和外部形状及开口机制(有无唇细胞、拟缘丝等)、侧丝的特征(膨大,分支与否等)最为重要,寄主种类也是较重要的特征;在种内关系中,寄主种类(草本植物、针叶树和阔叶树)和子囊的形状(圆柱状、棍棒状、子囊顶端)、子囊孢子的形态都是重要的分类特征。但是,在分析的过程中也存在着不一致之处。我们认为对于菌物的分类方法,不能仅仅采用单一的方法。而应该采用多性状的综合分析技术,对菌物的形态学、发育学、生理生化特性、遗传学以及分子生物学等特征进行全面的分析,获得更加合理与科学的分类研究结果。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the taxonomy and molecular identification of the (AAUF) specimens from the forest fungi of Anhui Agricultural University (Anhui Agricultural University) in Hainan and Jiangxi Province were studied. The classification of the family is based on the modern technology of microorganism classification, and a comprehensive and systematic study on morphology, anatomy, physiology and ecology, biology and ontogeny is carried out. With the development of modern molecular technology and on the basis of individual phenotypic identification, (Rhytsmataceae Chevall.) was constructed based on ITS28s rDNA sequence and two gene binding sequences by modern molecular biotechnology. The phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity among families, genera and species were studied. Based on the principle of taxonomic system proposed by Darker (1976) Cannon Minter (1983-1986) and Johnston (1986), the taxonomic study was carried out on the specimens of Phaeidae in Hainan and Jiangxi provinces. A total of 13 species of 6 genera, 6 genera of (Coccomyces), (Coccomyces), (Terriera), (Terriera), (Lophodermium), (Lophodermium), (Marthamyces), (Rhytisma), (Meloderma), were identified, among which 5 new species were found. Including (Coccomyces chuniae), (Terriera fici), T.rosae, T.sparsa, 8 species, They are (Coccomyces crassissimus), L.heterocladum, L.pini-excelsae, (Meloderma desmazieri) and (Rhytisma himalense)., respectively. In this paper, macroscopical and microscopic pictures of morphology, hand-drawn dot diagrams and detailed description of characters, hosts and habitats of new species are provided and discussed, and morphological characteristics of known species in China are briefly described and analyzed. A supplementary study was carried out. The genomic DNA of the tested strains was extracted by CTAB method, identified, purified and sequenced, and the suitable sequence was selected by downloading and searching in GeBank. The Leotiia lubrica (AY144561 in the order Melia was used as the outer group. Phylogenetic tree of ITS sequence 28s rDNA sequence and ITS and 28SrDNA binding sequence were established respectively. Through phylogenetic tree analysis, it can be seen that the most important characteristics of the phylogeny of the genus and genus of the genus of Disc are the shape of the fruit and the opening pattern and the shape of the ascospore. The depth of burying and the shape of lateral filaments are not the key distinguishing features in the interspecific relationship between species, the buried depth and external shape of the fruit and the opening mechanism (with or without lip cells, pseudo-marginal filaments, etc.), and the characteristics of the lateral filaments (enlargement, etc.), The most important is branching or not, and the host species are also the more important characteristics; in the intraspecific relationship, the shape of the host species (herbs, conifers and broadleaved trees) and the cotyledons (cylindrical, clavate, clavate), The morphology of ascospores is an important taxonomic feature. However, there are inconsistencies in the process of analysis. We believe that we can not use a single method for the classification of bacteria. In order to obtain more reasonable and scientific classification results, the characteristics of morphology, development, physiology and biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology should be comprehensively analyzed by multi-character comprehensive analysis technique.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q939

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