印记基因:发育中的重要调节因子

发布时间：2018-08-31 18:40

【摘要】：印记基因是一类单等位表达的基因,数量少但功能强大,构成了基因组印记这一表观遗传领域中的独特现象,来源于不同亲本的印记基因在个体发育过程中承担着不同的重要功能。除了印记基因状态的建立、保持,人们围绕印记基因在发育进程中的功能做了大量研究。印记基因最初在核移植研究中被发现,早期研究聚焦在个别基因簇上。随着组学技术的引入,更多的印记基因被筛选和鉴定出来,这也引起了该领域内的热烈讨论和关注。随着全基因组DNA甲基化及组蛋白修饰等研究方法的发展,人们对印记基因的两个经典调控模型又提出新的看法和思考,尤其是最近的一些研究成果对于解释印记基因在哺乳动物中的高度保守性及其存在的意义具有重要启示。本文立足于最新研究进展,从印记基因的特征和基本规律、发育中的调控作用、机制、研究方法、进化以及环境对其影响等几个方面进行了综述,旨在为人们全面了解印记基因概况及研究趋势提供参考和指导。
[Abstract]:Imprinted genes are a class of monoallelic genes, which are small in number but powerful in function, and constitute a unique phenomenon in the epigenetic field of genomic imprinting. Imprinted genes from different parents play different important roles in ontogeny. In addition to the establishment and maintenance of imprinting gene status, a great deal of research has been done on the function of imprinting gene in the development process. Imprinted genes were initially found in nuclear transfer studies, and early studies focused on individual clusters. With the introduction of group technology, more imprinted genes have been screened and identified, which has aroused heated discussion and attention in this field. With the development of genomic DNA methylation and histone modification, two classical regulatory models of imprinted genes have been proposed. In particular, some recent studies have important implications for explaining the highly conservative nature of imprinted genes in mammals and their existence. Based on the latest research progress, this paper reviews the characteristics and basic laws of imprinted genes, developmental regulation, mechanisms, research methods, evolution and the influence of environment on them. The aim is to provide reference and guidance for people to understand the general situation and research trend of imprinted genes.
【作者单位】：兰州大学生命科学院发育生物学研究所;中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室;昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院;
【基金】：中国科学院先导专项(编号:XDB13030400) 国家自然科学基金项目(编号:31371502,31471953)资助~~
【分类号】：Q344

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