黄淮麦区小麦成株期磷高效基因型的鉴定和筛选

发布时间：2018-09-08 13:23

【摘要】：为快速筛选磷高效基因型小麦品种,以黄淮麦区112份小麦品种(系)为材料,设置正常磷和低磷2个磷处理,通过大田池栽试验,对小麦成株期19个与产量及磷效率相关性状进行分析,并以济麦22为对照,筛选磷效率和产量均表现优异的磷高效基因型。结果表明,与正常磷处理相比,低磷条件下,小麦的8个产量相关指标(单株穗数、千粒重、株高、穗长、可育小穗数、穗粒数、单株粒重和地上部干重)和3个磷积累量指标(单株籽粒、秸秆和地上部总磷积累量)均显著下降,而3个磷利用效率指标(单株籽粒、秸秆和地上部总磷利用效率)均显著增加,说明低磷胁迫使小麦成株期的产量和磷积累量大大降低,但明显提高磷利用效率。相关性分析发现,株高、可育小穗数和单株粒重与秸秆和地上部单株含磷量、3个磷积累量指标均呈显著正相关,与2个磷利用效率指标(单株秸秆和地上部总磷利用效率)呈显著负相关(P≤0.01),可以作为磷效率的初步快评指标。正常磷处理下,筛选出17个磷高效基因型,其中,旱选H28、2010品4891和周麦28的单株粒重比济麦22分别高36.07%、31.96%和37.44%,地上部总磷利用效率比济麦22分别高出49.34%、49.42%和33.05%;低磷处理下,筛选出10份磷高效基因型,其中,河农826的单株粒重和地上部总磷利用效率分别比济麦22高37.69%和20.42%;旱选H23、旱选H28和徐麦856在正常磷和低磷处理下均被鉴定为磷高效基因型,可能具有较高的育种价值。
[Abstract]:In order to quickly screen wheat varieties with high phosphorus efficiency, 112 wheat varieties (lines) in Huanghuai wheat region were treated with two phosphorus treatments, normal phosphorus and low phosphorus, and the experiment was carried out in the field pool. Nineteen traits related to yield and phosphorus efficiency in adult wheat were analyzed, and the P efficient genotypes with excellent P efficiency and yield were screened with Jimai 22 as control. The results showed that, compared with the normal phosphorus treatment, 8 relative indexes of wheat yield (ear number per plant, 1000-grain weight, plant height, ear length, number of fertile spikelets, number of grains per spike) were obtained under low phosphorus condition. Grain weight per plant and dry weight of shoot and three indexes of phosphorus accumulation (accumulation of phosphorus per plant, straw and shoot) were significantly decreased, while three indexes of P use efficiency (grain per plant) were significantly decreased. Both straw and shoot total phosphorus use efficiency increased significantly, indicating that low phosphorus stress significantly reduced the yield and phosphorus accumulation of wheat at adult stage, but significantly increased phosphorus use efficiency. Correlation analysis showed that plant height, number of fertile spikelets and grain weight per plant were significantly positively correlated with phosphorus content of straw and shoot plant, and three indexes of phosphorus accumulation. There was a significant negative correlation (P 鈮，

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