膜下滴灌水稻耐缺铁基因型差异
发布时间：2018-11-11 20:40
【摘要】：【目的】膜下滴灌技术具有明显的节水和增产效益。但是膜下滴灌水稻在幼苗期容易出现叶片缺铁黄化现象,严重时甚至出现幼苗死亡现象,缺铁黄化现象限制了水稻膜下滴灌技术推广应用。本试验针对膜下滴灌水稻幼苗期缺铁失绿的问题,研究膜下滴灌水稻铁营养效率基因型差异,不同耐缺铁型水稻品种铁营养的生理特征以及干旱胁迫对其的影响,为膜下滴灌耐缺铁水稻品种的筛选和培育提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2015年-2016年在新疆天业农业研究所(田间小区试验)、石河子大学农学院试验站(盆栽试验)和绿洲生态实验室(水培试验)进行。田间小区试验一(2015年):选用6个水稻品种(材料)进行单因素试验设计,旨在筛选不同耐缺铁性水稻品种。盆栽试验二(2016年):试验设计了水稻品种(T-43,T-69和T-04)和铁肥处理(未施铁肥处理和施铁肥处理,分别缩写为-Fe,+Fe)双因素试验,旨在探明不同耐缺铁性水稻品种生理特征。水培试验三(2016年):试验设计了水稻品种(T-43和T-04)和干旱胁迫(利用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,处理如下营养液中PEG质量分数分别为0%,5%和10%,分别缩写为CK,5%PEG,10%PEG)的双因素试验,旨在探明干旱胁迫对不同耐缺铁性水稻品种铁营养的影响【结果】1)缺铁胁迫下水稻的生长和产量存在基因型差异。苗期T-201和T-43水稻地上部干物质显著高于其他品种,但是T-201的分蘖数显著低于其他品种,T-04分蘖死亡数量较其他水稻品种多,T-43幼苗期和分蘖期地上部干物质量处于中等水平,产量高。2)缺铁胁迫下膜下滴灌水稻铁营养效率存在基因型差异。幼苗期和分蘖期T-201和T-43根系铁吸收能力较其他水稻品种高。幼苗期T-69铁转移能力较其他品种高,T-X铁主要累积于根系,T-04和T-43铁转移能力无显著差异,分蘖期T-04铁主要累积于茎秆和根系,T-43叶片中铁的累积量显著高于其他品种基因型。T-43和T-X幼苗期叶片活性铁含量和铁生理利用效率较高。3)未施铁处理T-69和T-43根系铁还原酶活性显著高于缺铁敏感性水稻基因型T-04,未施铁处理缺铁敏感性水稻品种T-04铁转移和吸收能力显著下降。4)干旱胁迫处理耐缺铁性水稻T-43地上部铁含量显著高于T-04。干旱胁迫造成T-43和T-04根系H+-ATP活性降低,而T-43根系H+-ATP活性显著高于T-04。干旱胁迫处理T-43根系质外体铁含量均显著高于CK处理,缺铁敏感性水稻T-04根系质外体铁含量则降低。【结论】1)铁胁迫下水稻的生长、产量和铁营养效率存在基因型差异,其中T-43和T-69为耐缺铁水稻品种,T-04为铁敏感水稻品种。2)缺铁胁迫下耐缺铁性水稻T-43能够通过增加根系铁还原酶活性、H+-ATPase活性,提高根系铁吸收和转运能力,增强其缺铁耐受性。3)耐缺铁性水稻品种受干旱胁迫影响较铁敏感性水稻品种轻。
[Abstract]:[objective] the technology of drip irrigation under film has obvious benefit of saving water and increasing yield. However, under film drip irrigation rice is prone to the phenomenon of iron deficiency in leaves at seedling stage, and even seedling death in serious cases, which limits the popularization and application of drip irrigation technology under film. In order to solve the problem of iron deficiency in rice seedlings under film drip irrigation, the differences of iron nutrient efficiency genotypes, the physiological characteristics of iron nutrition and the effects of drought stress on iron nutrition of rice varieties with different iron tolerance were studied in this experiment. [methods] the experiment was conducted in Xinjiang Tianye Agricultural Research Institute from 2015 to 2016. The experiment station of agricultural college of Shihezi University (pot experiment) and the ecological laboratory of oasis (hydroponic test) were carried out. Field plot trial 1 (2015): six rice varieties (materials) were selected for single factor design to screen rice varieties with different iron tolerance. Pot experiment 2 (2016): the rice varieties (T-43CT-69 and T-04) and iron fertilizer treatment (non-iron fertilizer treatment and iron fertilizer treatment) were designed, which were abbreviated as-Fe, Fe) double factor test, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological characteristics of rice varieties with different iron tolerance. Water culture experiment 3 (2016): the rice varieties (T-43 and T-04) and drought stress (using polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) were designed to simulate drought stress. The PEG mass fraction in the following nutrient solution was 0% and 10%, respectively. The effect of drought stress on iron nutrition of different iron deficiency rice varieties [results] 1) there were genotypic differences in growth and yield of rice under iron deficiency stress. At seedling stage, T-201 and T-43 had significantly higher aboveground dry matter than other varieties, but the tiller number of T-201 was significantly lower than that of other varieties, and the number of tiller death of T-04 was higher than that of other rice varieties. At the seedling stage and tillering stage, the dry matter quality of the aboveground part was medium and the yield was high. 2) there were genotypic differences in iron nutrient efficiency of drip irrigation rice under Fe deficiency. The iron absorption capacity of T-201 and T-43 roots at seedling stage and tillering stage was higher than that of other rice varieties. T-69 iron transfer ability in seedling stage was higher than that of other varieties, T-X iron mainly accumulated in root system, T-04 and T-43 iron transfer ability had no significant difference, T-04 iron mainly accumulated in stem and root system at tillering stage. The accumulation of iron in leaves of T-43 was significantly higher than that of other genotypes. The active iron content and physiological utilization efficiency of leaves in T-43 and T-X seedlings were higher. 3) the reduction of iron in roots of T-69 and T-43 without iron treatment was higher than that of other genotypes. The enzyme activity was significantly higher than that of iron deficiency sensitive rice genotype T-04. The iron transfer and absorption capacity of the rice variety T-04 was significantly decreased under drought stress. 4) the content of iron in the aboveground part of the iron-deficient rice T-43 was significantly higher than that of T-04 under drought stress. The H ATP activity of T-43 and T-04 roots decreased, while the H ATP activity of T-43 root system was significantly higher than that of T-04 root system under drought stress. Under drought stress, the content of iron in root stromal of T-43 was significantly higher than that of CK, while that of T-04 was decreased. [conclusion] 1) the growth of rice under iron stress. There were genotypic differences in yield and iron nutrient efficiency. Among them, T-43 and T-69 were iron-deficient rice varieties, and T-04 was iron-sensitive rice varieties. 2) under iron-deficiency stress, T-43 could increase the activity of iron reductase in roots. The activity of H ATPase increased the iron uptake and transport ability of roots, and enhanced the tolerance of iron deficiency. 3) the iron deficiency tolerance of rice varieties was less affected by drought stress than that of iron sensitive rice varieties.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511
[Abstract]:[objective] the technology of drip irrigation under film has obvious benefit of saving water and increasing yield. However, under film drip irrigation rice is prone to the phenomenon of iron deficiency in leaves at seedling stage, and even seedling death in serious cases, which limits the popularization and application of drip irrigation technology under film. In order to solve the problem of iron deficiency in rice seedlings under film drip irrigation, the differences of iron nutrient efficiency genotypes, the physiological characteristics of iron nutrition and the effects of drought stress on iron nutrition of rice varieties with different iron tolerance were studied in this experiment. [methods] the experiment was conducted in Xinjiang Tianye Agricultural Research Institute from 2015 to 2016. The experiment station of agricultural college of Shihezi University (pot experiment) and the ecological laboratory of oasis (hydroponic test) were carried out. Field plot trial 1 (2015): six rice varieties (materials) were selected for single factor design to screen rice varieties with different iron tolerance. Pot experiment 2 (2016): the rice varieties (T-43CT-69 and T-04) and iron fertilizer treatment (non-iron fertilizer treatment and iron fertilizer treatment) were designed, which were abbreviated as-Fe, Fe) double factor test, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological characteristics of rice varieties with different iron tolerance. Water culture experiment 3 (2016): the rice varieties (T-43 and T-04) and drought stress (using polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) were designed to simulate drought stress. The PEG mass fraction in the following nutrient solution was 0% and 10%, respectively. The effect of drought stress on iron nutrition of different iron deficiency rice varieties [results] 1) there were genotypic differences in growth and yield of rice under iron deficiency stress. At seedling stage, T-201 and T-43 had significantly higher aboveground dry matter than other varieties, but the tiller number of T-201 was significantly lower than that of other varieties, and the number of tiller death of T-04 was higher than that of other rice varieties. At the seedling stage and tillering stage, the dry matter quality of the aboveground part was medium and the yield was high. 2) there were genotypic differences in iron nutrient efficiency of drip irrigation rice under Fe deficiency. The iron absorption capacity of T-201 and T-43 roots at seedling stage and tillering stage was higher than that of other rice varieties. T-69 iron transfer ability in seedling stage was higher than that of other varieties, T-X iron mainly accumulated in root system, T-04 and T-43 iron transfer ability had no significant difference, T-04 iron mainly accumulated in stem and root system at tillering stage. The accumulation of iron in leaves of T-43 was significantly higher than that of other genotypes. The active iron content and physiological utilization efficiency of leaves in T-43 and T-X seedlings were higher. 3) the reduction of iron in roots of T-69 and T-43 without iron treatment was higher than that of other genotypes. The enzyme activity was significantly higher than that of iron deficiency sensitive rice genotype T-04. The iron transfer and absorption capacity of the rice variety T-04 was significantly decreased under drought stress. 4) the content of iron in the aboveground part of the iron-deficient rice T-43 was significantly higher than that of T-04 under drought stress. The H ATP activity of T-43 and T-04 roots decreased, while the H ATP activity of T-43 root system was significantly higher than that of T-04 root system under drought stress. Under drought stress, the content of iron in root stromal of T-43 was significantly higher than that of CK, while that of T-04 was decreased. [conclusion] 1) the growth of rice under iron stress. There were genotypic differences in yield and iron nutrient efficiency. Among them, T-43 and T-69 were iron-deficient rice varieties, and T-04 was iron-sensitive rice varieties. 2) under iron-deficiency stress, T-43 could increase the activity of iron reductase in roots. The activity of H ATPase increased the iron uptake and transport ability of roots, and enhanced the tolerance of iron deficiency. 3) the iron deficiency tolerance of rice varieties was less affected by drought stress than that of iron sensitive rice varieties.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511
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