转基因农作物种植监管法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-26 07:50

【摘要】：2016年,国务院印发的《“十三五”国家科技创新规划》中明确转基因技术为国家重大科技专项,并表示将推动我国农业转基因生物研究整体水平跃居世界前列,为保障国家粮食安全提供品种和技术储备。鉴于转基因农作物关乎人民生活福祉和国家长治久安,我国对其给予了很大关注。笔者经过检索与查阅文献,发现很多学者对于转基因生物安全、转基因生物环境风险、转基因食品安全等方面的法律问题进行了研究,但是针对转基因农作物种植监管方面的法律问题分析较少。因此,笔者基于法律专业知识,结合对转基因农作物种植监管的理解,通过梳理相关政策、法律法规和文献,对转基因农作物种植监管进行了研究,分析了目前我国在转基因农作物种植监管方面存在的问题及原因,并提出相应的完善建议。文章按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路,分四部分对转基因农作物种植监管法律问题进行了研究。第一部分:介绍了我国转基因农作物种植监管现状,提出了存在的问题。此部分通过对转基因农作物种植现状的介绍,提出了转基因农作物种植监管立法方面存在的问题及监管部门存在的问题。第二部分:对转基因农作物种植监管问题进行了分析。此部分从转基因农作物种植监管的必要性和可行性、监管的法律规范问题、违法种植原因等三方面,对转基因农作物种植监管所涉及的法律问题进行了分析。第三部分:梳理借鉴了国外对转基因农作物种植监管的经验。此部分对国外转基因农作物监管理念和监管措施方面的立法和司法实践进行了梳理与归纳,总结出适合我国国情的经验。第四部分:提出了转基因农作物种植监管的完善建议。此部分从坚持科学的监管理念、完善法律监管制度、明确设立专门机构执行法律监管、加强对科研机构的法律约束、拓宽监管渠道等五个方面,提出了对转基因农作物种植监管的完善建议。笔者认为,转基因农作物种植监管问题已成为社会热点,完善转基因农作物种植监管立法,提高执法水平,有效监管转基因农作物种植,对于科技进步、提高人民生活水平以及维护国家粮食安全均具有十分重要的意义。
[Abstract]:In 2016, the State Council issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Science and Technology Innovation", which identified GM technology as a major national science and technology project, and said that it will promote the overall level of research on agricultural genetically modified organisms in China to the top of the world. To ensure national food security to provide varieties and technical reserves. In view of the fact that genetically modified crops are related to the well-being of the people and the long-term stability of the country, our country has paid great attention to them. After searching and consulting the literature, the author found that many scholars have studied the legal issues of genetically modified organisms safety, genetically modified organisms environmental risk, genetically modified food safety, etc. But there is little analysis of the legal problems in the regulation of genetically modified crops. Therefore, based on the knowledge of law, combining with the understanding of the regulation of genetically modified crops, through combing the relevant policies, laws and regulations and literature, the author studies the regulation of the cultivation of genetically modified crops. This paper analyzes the problems and causes in the supervision of genetically modified crops in China at present, and puts forward corresponding suggestions for improvement. According to the ideas of putting forward, analyzing and solving the problems, this paper studies the legal problems of genetically modified crops in four parts. The first part introduces the current situation of genetically modified crops in China and puts forward the existing problems. Through the introduction of the current situation of transgenic crops planting, the problems in legislation and supervision of genetically modified crops cultivation are put forward. The second part: the problem of genetically modified crops planting supervision was analyzed. In this part, the author analyzes the legal problems involved in the regulation of genetically modified crops from three aspects: the necessity and feasibility of the regulation, the legal regulation of the regulation, and the reasons for illegal cultivation. The third part: combing the experience of foreign countries in the regulation of genetically modified crops. In this part, the legislation and judicial practice of the supervision of genetically modified crops in foreign countries are summarized, and the experiences suitable for the situation of our country are summed up. The fourth part: put forward the perfect suggestion of the genetically modified crops planting supervision. This part includes five aspects: insisting on the scientific supervision idea, perfecting the legal supervision system, establishing a special institution to carry out the legal supervision, strengthening the legal restriction on the scientific research institutions, widening the supervision channels, etc. Some suggestions are put forward to improve the supervision of genetically modified crops. In my opinion, the issue of genetically modified crops planting supervision has become a hot spot in society. To improve the legislation, improve the law enforcement level, and effectively supervise the cultivation of genetically modified crops, it is of great importance to the development of science and technology. Improving people's living standards and safeguarding national food security are of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.4

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