追施不同形态氮肥对不同钾效率基因型棉花生长及产量品质的影响

发布时间：2018-12-17 02:26

【摘要】：【目的】探讨高、低供钾水平下,追施氮肥形态对棉花生长、钾素吸收利用以及产量、品质的影响。【方法】选择钾高效棉花品种辽棉18、冀棉958和钾低效棉花品种新棉99B为材料,进行营养钵培养试验,设置38.01mg·kg~(-1)和152.24 mg·kg~(-1)两个供钾水平,追施铵态氮肥(硫酸铵)和硝态氮肥(硝酸钙)两种形态氮素肥料。【结果】供钾不足会降低棉花果枝始节和单株成铃数,高钾处理棉花干物质积累量、钾累积量、钾利用指数以及产量显著高于低钾处理;与追施硝态氮肥相比,追施铵态氮肥会降低棉株高度、果枝数和单株成铃数,减少籽棉产量和总干物质积累量;追施铵态氮肥处理棉花对钾素的吸收和利用显著低于追施硝态氮肥处理。【结论】钾低效基因型品种棉花在钾素供应不足时对追施铵态氮肥更敏感,且棉花成熟越晚受到追施肥料氮素形态影响越大。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer forms on cotton growth, potassium uptake and utilization, yield and quality at high and low potassium supply levels. [methods] Liaomian18, a high potassium efficient cotton variety, was selected. Jimian 958 and Xinmian99B, a low potassium cotton cultivar, were cultured in nutrient bowl. Two potassium supplying levels, 38.01mg kg~ (-1) and 152.24 mg kg~ (-1), were set up. Two forms of nitrogen fertilizer, ammonium sulfate fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) and nitrate fertilizer (calcium nitrate), were applied. [results] insufficient potassium supply could reduce the number of bolls per plant and dry matter accumulation and potassium accumulation of cotton under high potassium treatment. Potassium utilization index and yield were significantly higher than those of low potassium treatment. Compared with the application of nitrogenous nitrogen, the application of ammonium fertilizer could reduce the height of cotton plant, the number of fruit branches and the number of bolls per plant, the yield of seed cotton and the accumulation of total dry matter. The uptake and utilization of potassium in cotton treated with top dressing ammonium nitrogen fertilizer was significantly lower than that in top dressing nitrogen fertilizer treatment. [conclusion] potassium inefficient genotypic cotton was more sensitive to top applied ammonium nitrogen fertilizer when potassium supply was insufficient. The later the cotton matured, the greater the nitrogen form of topdressing fertilizer.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室;新疆农业大学;
【基金】：国家现代农业产业技术体系棉花产业技术体系项目(CARS-18-17) 棉花高产液态肥技术的引进与成果应用(2016ZX08010005) 农业部行业专项(201503121)
【分类号】：S562

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