适合人工春化处理的蚕豆基因型筛选及生长特性研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 01:09

【摘要】：蚕豆作为主要食用豆类之一,在世界豆类作物占有重要地位。随着人们消费需求的增加,提前上市的蚕豆需求量也日益增加,春化是有效实现蚕豆提前上市、增加经济效益的首选技术,已逐渐被应用于蚕豆的生产中。但蚕豆春化的品种选育,不同处理对春化响应的情形还缺乏研究,因此本研究从生育形态和生理生化两方面入手,探讨了不同品种蚕豆春化处理后的生育形态差异和不同品种间不同春化处理后生理生化的差异。通过研究蚕豆的春化过程,更深刻的了解蚕豆的春化原理,提高蚕豆春化的技术手段,筛选出适合江苏本地区的蚕豆品种。本研究筛选了 50个品种的不同地区的蚕豆,通过比较定植后春化及对照组的形态差异和开花的早晚筛选30个品种。在温室栽培30个品种的春化及对比组,记录其生育形态、现蕾期、花苞器、盛花期及结荚期,从中再筛选出6个品种。对6个适合江苏地区栽种的蚕豆品种进行芽春化8天、12天、16天及苗春化的处理,测量了处理下的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性蛋白的生理指标。同时对6个蚕豆品种的春化和非春化处理后地后连续测量并绘制它们的活性曲线。主要研究结果如下:1.春化处理可以提前植株的现蕾、结苞、开花、结荚的时间,同一品种不同处理有较明显的差异。不同地域间品种横向比较,并无显著的地域差异,云南、江苏、四川等地的蚕豆相同处理下在生长势及生育期都有优势,可以考虑作为实际种植的品种。从春化后幼苗的生理生化指标来看,对蚕豆苗春化效果最好,但由于其要求更大的设施、处理更复杂,在实践生产中难度也相应增大。2.冬性蚕豆主要来源于北方,春化敏感程度低;春性蚕豆主要来源于南方,春化敏感度高,适合江苏地区。定植初始,春化处理的植株在生长高度、侧枝数和分枝数上不如非春化植株,生长后期逐渐持平。春化植株的开花时间比非春化的提前10-60天。根据提前开花时长初步筛选出云南尕巴山尕大豆、启东大青皮、盐城绿皮蚕豆等适合江苏地区的春化品种。3.在本次实验中,多数品种蚕豆的最适春化时间在8天左右,不宜超过12天,同时因为品种对温度的抗逆性不同,结果不能一概而论,春化处理后,保护酶活性会有显著的提高。SOD和POD酶活在苗春化和春化8d时较高,MDA含量随着春化时间逐步增多。定植后春化处理的植株SOD活性较高,在20-25天之间,植株的生理活性达到峰值,蛋白和MDA含量达到低值,开花时POD较高,SOD开花前下降,开花后升高。
[Abstract]:As one of the main edible legumes, broad bean occupies an important position in the world. With the increase of people's consumption demand, the demand for Vicia faba on the market in advance is also increasing. Vernalization is the first choice technology to realize the early listing of Vicia faba and increase economic benefit, and has been gradually applied in the production of broad bean. However, there is still no research on the response of different treatments to vernalization in the breeding of vernalization of broad bean, so this study starts with growth morphology, physiology and biochemistry. The differences of growth morphology of different varieties of broad bean after vernalization and physiological and biochemical differences of different vernalization treatments among different varieties were discussed. By studying the vernalization process of Vicia faba, the principle of vernalization of Vicia faba was deeply understood, the technical means of vernalization of Vicia faba were improved, and the varieties of Vicia faba suitable for Jiangsu region were screened out. In this study, 50 varieties of Vicia faba from different regions were selected, and 30 varieties were screened by comparing the morphological differences of vernalization after planting and the control group and the flowering time of 30 varieties. In the vernalization and comparison groups of 30 cultivars cultivated in greenhouse, the growth morphology, budding stage, bud organ, flowering stage and pod-setting stage were recorded, and 6 varieties were screened out. Six varieties of broad bean suitable for Jiangsu province were treated with spring sprout for 8 days, 12 days, 16 days and seedlings. The superoxide dismutase (SOD),) peroxidase (POD), was measured. Physiological indexes of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein. At the same time, 6 varieties of broad bean after vernalization and non-vernalization were continuously measured and their activity curves were plotted. The main results are as follows: 1. Vernalization treatment could advance the time of budding, bud, flowering and pod setting of the same plant, and there were obvious differences among different treatments of the same variety. There were no significant regional differences between different regions. The same treatments in Yunnan Jiangsu Sichuan and other places had advantages in growth potential and growth period. Therefore it could be considered as a practical planting variety. According to the physiological and biochemical indexes of the seedlings after vernalization, the effect of spring transformation of broad bean seedlings is the best, but the difficulty in practical production is increased because of the greater facilities required and the more complex treatment. 2. Winter Vicia faba is mainly from the north, and the spring Vicia faba is mainly from the south, which is suitable for Jiangsu province. At the beginning of planting, the growth height, the number of lateral branches and the number of branches of the vernalization treatment were lower than those of the non-vernalization plants, and the growth stage was gradually flat. The flowering time of vernalization plants was 10-60 days earlier than that of non-vernalization plants. According to the early flowering time, the spring varieties of Gabashang soybean, Qidong Qingpi, Yancheng mungskin broad bean suitable for Jiangsu region were preliminarily selected. In this experiment, the optimum vernalization time of most varieties of Vicia faba is about 8 days, not more than 12 days. At the same time, because the varieties have different resistance to temperature, the results can not be generalized. The activity of SOD and POD was higher at the 8th day of spring and vernalization, and the content of MDA increased gradually with the time of vernalization. The SOD activity of the plantlets treated by vernalization after planting was higher, the physiological activity of the plants reached the peak between 20-25 days, the contents of protein and MDA reached a low value, the content of POD was higher at anthesis, the SOD decreased before anthesis, and increased after anthesis.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S643.6

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