基因甲基化检测辅助肺癌诊断

发布时间：2019-04-25 19:01

【摘要】：肺癌是全球癌症死亡的首要原因,早期诊断是降低肺癌死亡率的关键,有许多研究在不断探索肺癌诊断的新方法。在过去10多年,DNA甲基化作为表观遗传学的主要研究领域之一,其在肺癌发生发展中的作用已经有大量研究。许多研究表明,肺癌的发生发展涉及到包括多个肿瘤抑制基因在内的许多基因甲基化。这些基因异常甲基化所导致的基因沉默在肺癌发生发展过程中起重要作用,而且这些基因在肺癌中的甲基化率显著高于非肺癌,故具有肿瘤特异性,可能成为辅助肺癌诊断的良好标志物。许多基因例如SHOX2,CDKN2A,APC,RASSF1A,FHIT,DCC等在肺癌组织、淋巴结、支气管灌洗液、外周血(血浆或血清)、痰等不同种类标本中甲基化率都显著高于对照组,作为标志物诊断肺癌具有较高的敏感性和特异性。此外,联合检测多个基因甲基化标志物有助于提高诊断肺癌的敏感性和特异性。本文主要综述检测上述不同类型标本中基因甲基化以辅助肺癌诊断的相关研究,介绍一些对诊断肺癌有较高敏感性和特异性的基因甲基化标志物。
[Abstract]:Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer death in the world. Early diagnosis is the key to reduce the mortality of lung cancer. Many studies are exploring new methods for lung cancer diagnosis. In the past 10 years, DNA methylation, as one of the main research fields of epigenetics, has been widely studied in the carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer. Many studies have shown that the carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer involves methylation of many genes, including multiple tumor suppressor genes. The gene silencing caused by abnormal methylation of these genes plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer, and the methylation rate of these genes in lung cancer is significantly higher than that in non-lung cancer, so these genes are tumor-specific. It may be a good marker to assist the diagnosis of lung cancer. Many genes, such as SHOX2,CDKN2A,APC,RASSF1A,FHIT,DCC, were significantly higher in lung cancer tissues, lymph nodes, bronchial lavage fluid, peripheral blood (plasma or serum), and sputum than in the control group. As a marker, the diagnosis of lung cancer has high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the combined detection of multiple gene methylation markers can improve the sensitivity and specificity of lung cancer diagnosis. This article mainly reviews the related research of detecting gene methylation in different types of samples to assist in the diagnosis of lung cancer, and introduces some gene methylation markers with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R734.2

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