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Friml, 2003)¡£Éú³¤ËØÖ®ËùÒÔÄܹ»¶ÔÖ²Îï²úÉúÈç´Ë´óµÄÓ°Ï죬ÊÇÓÉÓÚËü²»½ö¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó×÷ÓÃÓÚϸ°ûĤ¶øÒýÆðϸ°ûµÄ¿ìËÙ·´Ó¦£¬¶øÇÒ»¹Äܹ»ÔÚ·Ö×ÓˮƽÉÏÌØÒì
ÐԵص÷¿Ø»ùÒò±í´ï(Theologis, 1986; Guilfoyle et al., 1998)¡£ÔÚÉú³¤ËØÐźŴ«µ¼¹ý³ÌÖÐ, ÖÁÉÙÓÐ Aux/IAA(auxin/indole-3-acetic acid)¡¢SAUR (small auxin-up
RNA)Óë GH3 (Gretchen Hagen 3)ÈýÀà»ùÒò¼Ò×åÄܹ»ÔÚ¼«¶ÌµÄʱ¼äÄÚÏìÓ¦Éú³¤ËØÓÕµ¼£¬ÕâЩ»ùÒò¼´±»³ÆΪÉú³¤ËØÔçÆÚÏìÓ¦»ùÒò(Guilfoyle et al., 1998)¡£ÆäÖÐ Aux/IAA »ùÒòµÄµ°°×²úÎï¼°Æä×÷ÓûúÀíÊÇĿǰΪֹÑо¿µÄ½ÏΪÇå³þµÄ¡£±¾ÎÄ×ۺϹúÄÚÍâ×îÐÂÑо¿³É¹û£¬´Ó Aux/IAA »ùÒò½á¹¹¡¢×÷ÓûúÖƼ°ÔÚÖ²ÎïÖÐÑо¿½øÕ¹½øÐÐÈ«Ãæ½éÉÜ£¬ÒÔ±ãÉîÈëÍÚ¾òÆäÓ¦ÓüÛÖµ£¬²¢ÎªÎïÖÖ¸ÄÁ¼µì¶¨ÀíÂÛ»ù´¡¡£
1 Aux/IAA »ùÒòµÄ½á¹¹ÌØÕ÷
1982 Äê Walker J C ºÍ Key J L Ê×´ÎÔÚ´ó¶¹ÉÏ
Éú³¤ËØÓÕµ¼µÄÒ»Àà»ùÒò¡£Ö®ºóÔÚÍ㶹(Yamamoto et al., 1992)¡¢ÄâÄϽæ(Abel and Theologis, 1995)¡¢ÑÌ²Ý (Dargeviciute et al., 1998)¡¢ÃÞ»¨(Suo et al., 2004)¡¢·¬ÇÑ(Wang et al., 2005)¡¢ÂíÁåÊí(Kloosterman et al., 2006)¡¢ÑîÊ÷(¶Ðã´ºµÈ, 2007)¡¢Ë®µ¾(Song et al.,
2009)¡¢²ÝÝ®(Liu et al., 2011)ºÍÆ»¹û(Devoghalaere et al., 2012)µÈÖ²ÎïÖÐÒ²¿Ë¡µ½Á˸ûùÒò£¬²¢½øÐÐÁËÏà¹ØµÄÑо¿¡£µ«ÔÚϸ¾ú¡¢¶¯ÎïºÍÕæ¾úÖÐÉÐûÓз¢ÏÖÕâÀà»ùÒò£¬Òò´Ë¿ÉÄÜΪֲÎïËùÌØÓС£µäÐ굀 Aux/IAA µ°°×¾ßÓÐËĸö±£ÊؽṹÓò£¬·Ö±ð³ÆΪ Domain I¡¢II¡¢III ºÍ IV£¬Èçͼ 1 Ëùʾ¡£Domain I¡¢II λÓÚ°±»ù¶Ë(N ¶Ë)£¬¶ø Domain III ºÍ IV λÓÚôÈ»ù¶Ë(C ¶Ë)¡£Ñо¿±íÃ÷£¬Ëĸö±£ÊصĽṹÓò¶¼¾ßÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬Domains I ¾ßÓÐÒ»¸öÓëÒÒÏ©ÏìÓ¦Òò×ÓÏà¹ØµÄÁ½Ç×ÐÔ»ùÐò LXLXLX£¬Äܹ»Óë¹²×è¶ôÎï½áºÏ£¬ÊÇ Aux/IAA µ°°×µÄת¼ÒÖÖƹ¦ÄÜËù±ØÐèµÄÇøÓò
(Tiwari et al., 2001; 2004; Szemenyei et al., 2008)¡£
Domains II ÊÇ Aux/IAA µ°°×±»·ºËØ»¯½µ½âµÄ°Ðλµã£¬ÆäºËÐÄÐòÁÐΪ VGWPP£¬¸ÃÇøÓòµÄÏÔÐÔÍ»±ä»áʹ Aux/IAA µ°°×²»Äܹ»½øÈë·ºËØ»¯Í¾¾¶¶øµ¼ÖÂÎȶ¨ÐÔÔöÇ¿(Zenser et al., 2001, 2003; Kepinski and Leyser, 2004; 2005)¡£Domains III ºÍ IV ÊÇÓëÉú³¤ËØÏìÓ¦»ùÒòת¼Òò×Ó ARF (auxin response factor)½áºÏµÄ²¿Î»£¬Æä¶þ¼¶½á¹¹Äܹ»ÕÛµþ³ÉÒ»¸öÂÝÐý-ת½Ç-ÂÝÐý(βαα)£¬ºÏ³ÉµÄ¶àëÄÄܹ»ÔÚÌåÍâ½øÐÐÕÛµþºÍ¶þ¾Û»¯
(Morgan et al., 1999)¡£Domains IV Ò²¿ÉÄÜÓÐÖúÓÚ¶þ¾Û»¯¡£ÔÚ Domains II ºÍ Domains IV Ò»°ã»¹´æÔÚÁ½¸öºË¶¨Î»ÐźŠNLS (nuclear localization signal) (Kim et al., 1997)¡£´ËÍ⣬ÔÚ Domain I ºÍ II Ö®¼ä»¹ÓÐÒ»¸ö¹âÃôÉ«ËØ A µÄÁ×Ëữ×÷ÓÃλµã£¬Òò´ËÍƲâ Aux/IAA µ°°×¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¹âÃôÉ«ËØ A µÄÁ×Ëữ×÷Óý鵼Éú³¤ËØÓë¹âÐźÅͨ·(Colón-Carmona et al., 2000)¡£
ͼ 1 Aux/IAA »ùÒò±àÂëµÄµ°°×½á¹¹Ê¾Òâͼ (¶Ðã´º, 2008)
Figure 1 Structure Model for Proteins Encoded by Aux/IAA genes (Dong, 2008)
2 Aux/IAA »ùÒòµÄ×÷ÓûúÖÆ
Éú³¤ËØÐźÅתµ¼°üÀ¨ÐźŸÐÖª¡¢Éú³¤ËØÏìÓ¦»ùÒòµÄ±í´ïÒÔ¼°×îÖÕÔÚÌض¨Ö²Îï×éÖ¯²¿Î»±íÏÖ³öÏàÓ¦µÄÉúÀí·´Ó¦µÈһϵÁйý³Ì(Guilfoyle et al., 1998;Santner and Estelle, 2009; Chapman and Estelle,
2009)¡£½ü¼¸ÄêÀ´£¬¹ØÓÚÉú³¤ËØÐźÅתµ¼µÄÑо¿ÒѾȡµÃÍ»ÆÆÐÔ½øÕ¹£¬ÓйØÉú³¤ËØÐźÅתµ¼Öи÷¸öÔª¼þµÄ¹¦ÄܺÍ×÷ÓÃÒ²ÓÐÁ˸ü¼ÓÉîÈëµÄÈÏʶ¡£ÆäÖУ¬Ï¸°ûÄÚÏìÓ¦Éú³¤ËØת¼µÄÖ÷ÒªÓÐÁ½¸ö´óµÄת¼Òò×Ó¼Ò×壬·Ö±ðÊÇ Aux/IAA µ°°×¼Ò×åºÍÉú³¤ËØת¼Òò×Ó ARF¡£ARF ÊÇÒ»Àà¾ßÓÐ DNA ½áºÏÓòµÄת¼Òò×Ó£¬Êǵ÷½ÚÉú³¤ËØÓ¦´ð·´Ó¦£¬¿ØÖÆ»ùÒò±í´ïµÄÖ±½Ó·Ö×Ó¡£Ëü¿ÉÒÔ½áºÏµ½Ìض¨»ùÒòÆô¶¯×ÓÇøÓòµÄÉú³¤ËØ·´Ó¦Ôª¼þ AuxRE (auxin response element)¶ø¼¤»î»òÕßÒÖÖÆÉú³¤ËØÏìÓ¦»ùÒòµÄ±í´ï(Ulmasov et al., 1999)¡£Æù½ñΪֹ£¬ÔÚÄâÄϽæÖй²·¢ÏÖÓÐ 23 ¸ö ARFs£¬ÆäÖдó¶àÊý´Ù½øÉú³¤ËØÏìÓ¦»ùÒòµÄ±í´ï£¬Ò²ÓÐһЩÒÖÖÆ»ùÒò±í´ï£¬ÕâÖ÷Ҫȡ¾öÓÚ ARF µ°°×Öм䱣ÊØÓòµÄÌØÐÔ(Tiwari et al., 2003)¡£Ñо¿±íÃ÷£¬ ARF µÄ C Ä©¶Ë½á¹¹Óò CTD (C-terminal domain)Óë Aux/IAA µ°°×µÄ Domains III ºÍ IV ¸ß¶ÈͬԴ£¬¶þÕßͨ¹ýÕâÁ½¸öÇøÓòÐγɶþ¾ÛÌ壬½ø¶øµ÷¿ØÉú³¤ËØÏìÓ¦»ùÒòµÄת¼(Tiwari et al., 2003)¡£Óɴ˿ɼû£¬Éú³¤ËØÔçÆÚÏìÓ¦»ùÒòÔÚÕû¸öÉú³¤ËØÐźÅתµ¼Í¨Â·Öз¢»ÓÖØÒª×÷Óá£
Aux/IAA »ùÒò±àÂëÒ»ÖÖ 18-35 kD µÄ¶ÌÃüµ°°×£¬´ó²¿·Ö Aux/IAA µ°°×µÄ°ëË¥ÆÚ¼«¶Ì(Reed, 2001)£¬ËûÃǵĽµ½âÒÀÀµÓÚÉú³¤Ëؼ°Æäϸ°ûÄÚµÄÊÜÌå TIR1 (transport inhibitor response1)¡£Ñо¿±íÃ÷£¬TIR1 ÊÇÒ»Àà F-box µ°°×¼Ò×壬ÆäÓëÄâÄϽæÖÐ Skp1 µ°°×ÖÊÀàËÆÎï ASK1 ºÍ ASK2 ¼° Cullin (ÄâÄϽæÖгÆΪ AtCul1) ¿ÉÒÔÐÎ³É SCFTIR1 ¸´ºÏÌå (Gray et al., 2001)¡£SCF ¸´ºÏÌåÊÇÒ»Öַdz£ÖØÒªµÄ E3 ·ºËØÁ¬½Óø£¬Éú³¤ËؾÍÊÇͨ¹ý SCFTIR1 ½éµ¼µÄ·ºËØ—µ°°×øÌåϵͳÀ´ÊµÏÖ¶Ô Aux/IAAµ°°×µÄ½µ½â(Dharmasiri et al., 2005)¡£
Ñо¿±íÃ÷£¬Aux/IAA µ°°×µÄ¿ìËÙ½µ½â¶ÔÓÚÉú³¤ËصÄÐźÅתµ¼¹ý³ÌÊDZØÐèµÄ(Worley et al., 2000)£¬Éú³¤ËصĴæÔÚ¿ÉÒÔ´Ù½ø Aux/IAA µ°°×µÄ½µ½â¡£¶Ô TIR1 µÄ½á¹¹Ñо¿½Òʾ£¬Î»ÓÚ TIR1 LRR (leucine-rich-repeats)ÇøÓòÉϵÄÒ»¸öÊèˮǻ¼ÈÄܽáºÏÉú³¤ËØ£¬ÓÖÄܽáºÏ Aux/IAA Domain II (Tan et al., 2007)¡£µ±Ï¸°ûÄÚÉú³¤ËØŨ¶È½ÏµÍʱ£»Aux/IAA µ°°×ͨ¹ýÓë ARF ½áºÏ¶øÒÖÖÆ ARF ¶ÔÏÂÓÎÉú³¤ËØÏìÓ¦»ùÒòµÄµ÷¿Ø£»µ±Ï¸°ûÄÚÉú³¤ËØŨ¶È½Ï¸ßʱ£¬Éú³¤ËØͨ¹ýÆä²àÁ´µÄËó»ù¶ËÓë TIRI ·Ö×Ó»ù²¿µÄ LRR ½áºÏ£¬½ø¶ø´Ù½ø Aux/IAAµ°°×µÄDomains IIÖ±½Ó½áºÏµ½Éú³¤ËصÄÉÏ·½£¬ÐÎ³É SCFTIR1-Auxin-Aux/lAA ¸´ºÏÌå¡£´¦Óڸø´ºÏÌåÖÐµÄ Aux/IAAµ°°×ÔÚ·ºËػø E1¡¢·ºËؽáºÏø E2 ¼°·ºËØÁ¬½Óø E3 øµÄ×÷ÓÃϱ»µ°°×ÖÊÁнâÌåËù½µ½â¡£Aux/IAA µ°°×¶Ô ARF µÄÒÖÖÆ×÷ÓÃËæÖ®½â³ý£¬Ê¹ÆäÖØÐÂÆô¶¯¶ÔÏÂÓλùÒò(°üÀ¨Éú³¤ËØÔçÆÚÏìÓ¦»ùÒò)µÄµ÷¿Ø(Tan et al., 2007)£¬Èçͼ2Ëùʾ¡£ÔçÆÚÑо¿±íÃ÷ Domain IÔÚ Aux/IAA µÄת¼ÒÖÖƹý³ÌÖÐÊDZØÐèµÄ£¬µ«ÊÇÆä×÷ÓûúÖƲ¢²»Ê®·ÖÇå³þ
(Tiwari et al., 2004)¡£ÏÖÔÚÒѾ·¢ÏÖһЩµ°°×ÖÊÈç PICKLE ºÍ TOPLESS ·Ö±ðÓëÄâÄϽæ Aux/IAA µ°°× SLR/IAA14 ºÍ BDL/IAA12 µÄ Domain I ½áºÏ£¬È»ºó×÷Ϊ¹²×è¶ôÎïCorepressor (CoRep)ÒÖÖÆ ARFµÄת¼¹¦ÄÜ(Fukaki et al., 2006; Szemenyei et al., 2008)¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÓÉÓÚÿ¸öÏà¹ØµÄµ°°×¶¼ÊÇÒ»¸ö´ó¼Ò×å
(TIR1/AFBs 6 ¸ö, Aux/IAAs 29 ¸ö, ARFs 23 ¸ö,
TPL/TOPLESS 5 ¸ö)£¬¶ÔÓÚ²»Í¬¼Ò×å³ÉÔ±Ö®¼äÏ໥×÷ÓõÄÌØÒìÐÔÈÔÐèÉîÈëÑо¿¡£
ͼ 2 ϸ°ûÄÚµÄÉú³¤ËØÐźŴ«µ¼¹ý³Ì (Chapman and Estellem,
2009)
Figure 2 Process of Auxin intracellular signal transduction
(Chapman and Estelle, 2009)
3 Aux/IAA »ùÒòµÄ¹¦ÄÜ
Aux/IAA »ùÒòÊôÓÚ¶à»ùÒò¼Ò×塣ĿǰÔÚÄâÄϽæÖÐÒÑ·¢ÏÖÓÐ 29 ¸ö³ÉÔ±(Liscum and Reed, 2002)£¬ÔÚË®µ¾ºÍÓñÃ×ÖоùÓÐ 31 ¸ö³ÉÔ±(Song et al., 2009;
Wang et al., 2010a)£¬ÑîÊ÷ÖÐÓÐ35¸ö³ÉÔ±(Kalluri et al.,
2007)£¬¸ßÁ»¡¢·¬ÇѺͲÝÝ®ÖÐÓÐ 26 ¸ö(Audran-Delalande et al., 2012; Devoghalaere et al., 2012; Wang et al.,
2010b)£¬ÃÞ»¨ÖÐÓÐ 10 ¸ö(Ë÷½ð·ïµÈ, 2004; º«ÏþÓÂ,
2010)£¬»Æ¹ÏÖÐÓÐ 28 ¸ö(ÍõÀݵÈ, 2011)£¬ÂíÁåÊíÖÐÓÐ
27 ¸ö(Wu et al., 2012)£¬Æ»¹ûÖÐ 40 ¸ö(Devoghalaere et al., 2012)¡£
Ä¿Ç°£¬¶Ô Aux/IAA »ùÒò¹¦ÄܵÄÑо¿Ö÷ÒªÊÇͨ¹ýÄâÄϽ湦ÄÜ»ñµÃÍ»±äÌ壬ËüÃǶ¼ÊÇ Aux/IAA µ°°× Domain II ºËÐÄÇø(VGWPP)µÄij¸ö°±»ùËá·¢ÉúÁ˸ı䣬µ¼ÖÂÍ»±äÌå²úÉúÖî¶àÉú³¤ËØÏà¹ØµÄÒì³£±íÐÍ£¬°üÀ¨Ó°Ïì¸ùºÍÏÂÅßÖáµÄ·¢ÓýºÍÏò¹âÐÔ£¬ÒÔ¼°Ö²ÖêºÍҶƬµÄÐÎ̬½¨³É¡£ÀýÈç AXR2/IAA7 µÄÏÔÐÔÍ»±äÌå axr2 (auxin resistance 2)³öÏÖÑÏÖصİ«»¯¡¢¸ùµÄÏòµØÐԺ;¥µÄ±³µØÐÔȱʧ¡¢ÏÂÅßÖá±ä¶ÌºÍÎÞ¸ù룬½øÒ»²½Ñо¿±íÃ÷¸ÃÍ»±äÌåÏÂÅßÖáºÍ»¨Þ·µÄ±íƤϸ°ûµÄ³¤¶È±ä¶Ì¡¢Ï¸°ûÊýÄ¿¼õÉÙ(Timpte et al., 1992; 1994)£»Í¨¹ý¶Ô axr2-1 Í»±äÌå½øÐÐÓձ䴦Àí£¬µÃµ½ AXR2/IAA7 µÄÁ½¸ö¹¦ÄÜȱʧͻ±äÌå axr2-1-r3 ºÍ axr2-1r4£¬ËüÃÇ·Ö±ðΪ AXR2/IAA7 µ°°× Domain III ºÍ Domain I µÄij¸ö°±»ùËá·¢Éú¸Ä±ä£¬¶þÕß±íÐÍÏàËƲ¢ÇÒ½éÓÚÍ»±äÌå axr2-1 ÓëÒ°ÉúÐÍÖ®¼ä(Nagpal et al., 2000)£» SHY2/IAA3 µÄÍ»±äÌå shy2 (short hypocotyl 2)µÄÏÂÅßÖá±ä¶Ì¡¢²à¸ù¼õÉÙ¡¢¸ùÏòµØÐÔ¼õÈõ¡¢Ò¶Æ¬ÏòÉϾíÇú£¬²¢ÇÒºÚ°µÌõ¼þÏÂÄܹ»ÐγÉҶƬ(Kim et al., 1998; Tian and Reed, 1999; Tian et al., 2002)£»SLR/IAA14 µÄÍ»±äÌå slr-1 (solitary root 1)ûÓвà¸ù£¬¸ùë½ÏÉÙ£¬¸ùÓëÏÂÅßÖáµÄÏòµØÐÔÒì³£(Fukaki et al., 2002)£» AXR5/IAA1 Í»±äÌå axr5-1 ²à¸ù¼õÉÙ£¬¸ù¡¢ÏÂÅßÖáÏòµØÐԺ;¥µÄÏò¹âÐÔ¼õÈõ£¬Ö²Ö궥¶ËÓÅÊÆɥʧ£¬Á«×ùÒ¶±äС£¬ÖÖ×ÓÊýÁ¿¼õÉٵȣ¬Í»±äÌåÖмì²âµ½¶àÖÖÉú³¤ËØÔçÆÚÏìÓ¦»ùÒò±í´ïˮƽ½µµÍ£»¹¹½¨ axr5-1tir1-1 Ë«Í»±äÌ壬¿¹Éú³¤ËرíÐÍ±È axr5-1 µ¥Í»±äÌå¸ü¼ÓÃ÷ÏÔ£¬±íÃ÷ Aux/IAA µ°°×ºÍ TIR1 ¸÷×ÔÓ°ÏìÉú³¤ËصÄÏìÓ¦£»MSG2/IAA19 µÄÍ»±äÌå msg2 µÄÏÂÅßÖáÍêȫʧȥÏòµØÐÔ(Tatematsu et al., 1999)£»IAA28 Í»±äÌå iaa28-1 ²à¸ù¼õÉÙ£¬»¨Þ·±ä¶Ì£¬´ËÍ⣬IAA28 »ùÒò¾ßÓи߶ȵÄ×éÖ¯±í´ïÌØÒìÐÔ£¬Ö»ÔÚ¸ùºÍ»¨Þ·ÖÐÏÔÖø±í´ï£¬ÓëÍ»±äÌå±íÐÍÏàÒ»Ö£»AXR3/IAA17 µÄ°ëÏÔÐÔÍ»±äÌå axr3-1 ¸ùϵ±ä¶Ì£¬²à¸ùÔö¶à£¬¶¥¶ËÓÅÊÆÔöÇ¿
(Leyser et al., 1996)¡£ÄâÄϽæÍ»±äÌåÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬ Aux/IAA »ùÒòµÄ¹¦ÄܾßÓÐÌØÒìÐÔ£¬ÔÚÖ²Ö겻ͬ×éÖ¯²¿Î»¶ÔÉú³¤ËصÄÏìÓ¦²»Í¬£¬¼È¿ÉÄÜÓдٽø×÷Óã¬Ò²¿ÉÄܾßÓÐÒÖÖÆ×÷Ó㻲¢ÇҴ󲿷ÖÍ»±äÌå²úÉúÖî¶à¿¹Éú³¤ËصıíÐÍ£¬Èç²à¸ù¼õÉÙ¡¢¸ùµÄÏòµØÐÔ¼õÈõ¡¢¶¥¶ËÓÅÊÆɥʧ¡¢Ò¶Æ¬±äС¼°ÖÖ×Ó¼õÉٵȣ¬ÕâÓë¶ÔÓ¦ Aux/IAAµ°°×Îȶ¨ÐÔÔöÇ¿¶øµ¼Ö¶ÔÉú³¤ËØÏìÓ¦¼õÈõÏàÒ»Ö£»¸ö±ðÍ»±äÌåÔò³öÏÖһЩ¶ÔÉú³¤ËØÃô¸ÐµÄ±íÐÍ£¬Èç²à¸ùÔö¶à£¬¶¥¶ËÓÅÊÆÔöÇ¿µÈ£¬Õâ¿ÉÄÜÓ벻ͬ Aux/IAA »ùÒòËù¶ÔÓ¦µÄ ARF µÄÄ¿±êÉú³¤ËØÏìÓ¦»ùÒò¼°µ÷¿Ø·½Ê½²»Í¬Óйء£´ËÍ⣬ÓÐЩͻ±äÌå¾ßÓÐÏàͬ»òÕßÏà½üµÄ±íÐÍ£¬±íÃ÷ Aux/IAA »ùÒò»¹¾ßÓÐÖصþÐÔ£¬Ðí¶à Aux/IAA »ùÒòµÄ¹¦ÄÜȱʧͻ±äÌ岢ûÓбíÏÖ³öÃ÷ÏÔµÄÍ»±ä±íÐÍ£¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÓÉÓÚ´óµÄ»ùÒò¼Ò×åÄÚ»ùÒò¹¦ÄÜÈßÓർÖÂ(Parry and Estelle, 2006)¡£
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