西藏玉龙铜矿铜硫矿选矿工艺及机理研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 13:34

本文选题：辉铜矿 + 黄铜矿　；参考：《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：次生硫化铜、黄铁矿的高效分离是西藏玉龙铜矿面临的难点之一。制定合适的工艺流程,开发高效环保的浮选药剂实现铜硫矿物的高效分离,对提高铜资源的利用率具有重大意义。玉龙铜矿作为世界级特大型有色金属伴生矿,目前的工艺流程存在铜硫分离困难,选别指标差,药剂成本高等诸多问题,制约着企业的经济效益。本文以辉铜矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿作为研究对象,首先考察了三种单矿物的天然浮选性能以及捕收剂种类、Cu2+浓度对三种矿物浮选的影响;其次在Cu2+存在下,考察了抑制剂种类、浓度、pH对三种矿物浮选的影响,最终确定最佳的调整剂-捕收剂体系实现铜矿物与硫矿物的有效分离。在浮选试验的基础上,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、接触角测定、紫外光谱研究和红外光谱研究等方法,研究了三种单矿物浮选行为的机理。三种纯矿物在中性环境下天然可浮性不同,辉铜矿的可浮性最好,黄铜矿次之,黄铁矿最差。不同捕收剂种类对铜、硫矿物效果不一,其中BK404的效果最好。采用BK404作捕收剂时,两种铜矿物在较宽的pH值区间内的可浮性比较好,对黄铁矿的选择性较差,在碱性环境中的选择性尤其差。当加入Cu2+后,黄铁矿的疏水能力明显增强,其浮选回收率与黄铜矿相当。Cu2+存在下,腐殖酸钠、XKY-03对黄铁矿的抑制作用比较明显,其中XKY-03对黄铜矿也有一定的抑制。当腐殖酸钠和XKY-03同时使用时,可以增强对黄铁矿的抑制,同时减弱XKY-03对黄铜矿的影响。试验结果表明,腐殖酸钠和XKY-03可以减弱Cu2+对黄铁矿的活化作用,而不对铜矿物的回收造成负面影响。紫外光谱研究可知,BK404在两种铜矿物表面的吸附量较大,而在黄铁矿表面的吸附量较小,Cu2+可以促进BK404在黄铁矿表面的吸附,从而提高黄铁矿的可浮性。当加入腐殖酸钠和XKY-03时,可以减弱Cu2+的影响,减少BK404在矿物表面的吸附。红外光谱研究可知,BK404在黄铁矿表面仅仅发生简单的物理吸附,当加入Cu2+后,BK404在黄铁矿表面的吸附是物理和化学吸附共同作用的结果,在其表面生成CuS使其疏水。Cu2+存在下,加入腐殖酸钠和XKY-03后,可以与矿浆中的Cu2+生成稳定的螯合物,减弱Cu2+对铜硫分离的影响。根据理论分析结果,将新工艺和新药剂应用于西藏玉龙铜矿,并且取得了较好的指标。工业调试期间,在原矿含铜2.31%的前提下,最终获得铜品位18.32%,回收率为71.02%的铜精矿。与工业试验之前的工艺和药剂相比,精矿品位较之前提高了1.20个百分点,回收率提高了5.30百分点,选别指标明显,取得了良好的效果。
[Abstract]:The high efficiency separation of secondary copper sulfide and pyrite is one of the difficulties of Yulong Copper Mine in Tibet. It is of great significance to develop a suitable technological process and develop an efficient flotation reagent to realize the efficient separation of copper and sulfur minerals in order to improve the utilization rate of copper resources. Yulong Copper Mine as a world-class super large non-ferrous metal associated ore, the current technological process is difficult to separate copper and sulfur, poor separation index, high pharmaceutical cost and many other problems, which restricts the economic benefits of enterprises. In this paper, chalcopyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrite are taken as the research objects. Firstly, the natural flotation properties of three single minerals and the effect of collector type Cu2 concentration on the flotation of three minerals are investigated, and then the depressants are investigated in the presence of Cu2. The effect of concentration and pH on the flotation of three kinds of minerals was determined. Finally, the optimal system of adjust-collector was determined to realize the effective separation of copper ore and sulfur minerals. On the basis of flotation experiments, the mechanism of flotation behavior of three single minerals was studied by means of X-ray diffraction, contact angle measurement, ultraviolet spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The natural floatability of the three pure minerals is different in neutral environment. The floatability of chalcopyrite is the best, chalcopyrite is the second, and pyrite is the worst. Different kinds of collector have different effects on copper and sulfur minerals, and BK404 has the best effect. When BK404 is used as collector, the floatability of the two copper minerals in a wide pH range is better, and the selectivity to pyrite is poor, especially in alkaline environment. With the addition of Cu2, the hydrophobic ability of pyrite is obviously enhanced, and the flotation recovery of pyrite is similar to that of chalcopyrite. In the presence of. Cu2, the inhibition of pyrite by XKY-03 is obvious, and that of chalcopyrite is also inhibited by XKY-03. When sodium humate and XKY-03 were used at the same time, the inhibition of pyrite was enhanced and the effect of XKY-03 on chalcopyrite was weakened. The experimental results show that sodium humate and XKY-03 can weaken the activation of pyrite by Cu2 without negatively affecting the recovery of copper ore. UV spectra show that the adsorption capacity of BK404 on the surface of two kinds of copper minerals is larger, while the adsorption amount of Cu2 on the surface of pyrite can promote the adsorption of BK404 on the surface of pyrite, thus improving the floatability of pyrite. When sodium humate and XKY-03 were added, the effect of Cu2 was weakened and the adsorption of BK404 on mineral surface was reduced. Infrared spectra show that only simple physical adsorption of BK404 occurs on the surface of pyrite. The adsorption of BK404 on the surface of pyrite after adding Cu2 is the result of the interaction of physical and chemical adsorption. In the presence of the formation of CuS on the surface of the pyrite, the adsorption of BK404 on the surface of pyrite makes it hydrophobic. After adding sodium humate and XKY-03, stable chelates can be formed with Cu2 in slurry, which weakens the effect of Cu2 on the separation of copper and sulfur. According to the results of theoretical analysis, the new technology and new medicament were applied to Yulong Copper Mine, Tibet, and good indexes were obtained. The copper concentrate with a copper grade of 18.32 and a recovery of 71.02% was obtained under the premise of 2.31% copper content in the raw ore during industrial commissioning. Compared with the process and medicament before the industrial test, the concentrate grade is increased by 1.20%, the recovery rate is increased by 5.30%, the separation index is obvious, and good results are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD923;TD952

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