可延伸吸能锚杆的设计与优化研究
发布时间：2018-10-24 18:00
【摘要】：本文以国家自然科学基金“三下”急倾斜煤层充填长壁综采岩层控制及地表沉陷规律研究项目、湖南省研究生创新基金周期性让压大变形锚杆设计与实验研究项目为依托,通过分析锚杆失效形式及机理总结出普通锚杆在深部巷道支护中的问题,提出两种新型结构,通过理论和试验对比得出可延伸吸能锚杆为较优结构,对可延伸吸能锚杆进行了结构参数优化,最终对优化后的可延伸吸能锚杆进行了力学特性试验得到了较理想的结果。介绍了传统锚杆支护理论和围岩松动圈支护理论,然后对锚杆支护失效主要形式、锚杆受载力学行为和锚杆破断失效机理进行了分析。分析得出,深部巷道锚杆支护的主要失效形式为破断失效;锚杆发生破断失效的原因有外载作用和自身力学属性两个因素,锚杆强度决定了其为限制围岩变形所能提供的应力补偿,其延伸量决定了支护期间的让压量。通过对锚杆破断失效机理的分析得出,普通的锚杆已经不能适应深部围岩的应力环境和变形趋势,不能满足现场的工程要求。提出了大变形周期性让压锚杆和可延伸吸能锚杆两种新型让压锚杆,并分别分析了锚杆的结构、工作机理、让压结构力学原理,对锚杆的让压结构试件进行了力学特性对比试验。试验可知:两种锚杆均具有让压的力学特性;可延伸吸能锚杆在拉拔过程中可以保持基本恒定阻力;大变形周期性让压锚杆在拉拔过程中第一让压周期阻力较大,但后期基本失去工作阻力,落差较大,工作性能不稳定。通过对比最终确定可延伸吸能锚杆的吸能结构为较优结构。对可延伸吸能锚杆的吸能套筒进行了强度校核,得到了吸能套筒的壁厚的优化范围。对可延伸吸能锚杆的阻力塞进行了力学分析,得到了阻力塞迎压倾角的优化范围。对优化范围内吸能结构试件进行了力学性能试验。综合得出,在锚杆杆体直径D一定的情况下,吸能套筒壁厚?下限值与阻力塞厚度呈反比例关系。在阻力塞厚度一定时,吸能套筒壁厚?下限值与锚杆直径D之间呈正比例关系。分析了吸能套筒不同截面形式的力学特点,根据截面形式加工了制备套筒的冲压模具,利用模具对无缝管进行了冷压,确定了不同截面形式的冷压方案,并研制出了吸能套筒。加工了完整的可延伸吸能锚杆,并对其进行了静力拉拔试验,试验结果验证了该锚杆具备让压、吸能的力学特性,且表现出较为稳定的力学性能。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the research project of the "Sanxia" National Natural Science Foundation of China on the control of long wall fully mechanized mining strata and the law of surface subsidence, and the project of design and experimental research on the design and experiment of the rock bolt with large deformation caused by the periodical deformation of Hunan graduate student innovation fund. By analyzing the failure form and mechanism of bolt, the problems of common bolt in deep roadway support are summarized. Two new types of structure are put forward. Through theoretical and experimental comparison, it is concluded that the extensible energy-absorbing bolt is a better structure. The structural parameters of the extensible energy absorbing anchor are optimized, and the experimental results of the mechanical properties of the optimized extensible energy absorbing anchor are obtained. This paper introduces the traditional bolting theory and the surrounding rock loose ring support theory, and then analyzes the main failure forms of the bolt support, the mechanical behavior of the bolt under load and the failure mechanism of the bolt breaking. It is concluded that the main failure form of bolt support in deep roadway is broken failure, the causes of bolt breaking failure are external loading and mechanical properties. The strength of bolt determines the stress compensation it can provide to limit the deformation of surrounding rock, and its extension determines the amount of concession during the support period. Through the analysis of the failure mechanism of the bolt, it is concluded that the common bolt can no longer adapt to the stress environment and deformation trend of the deep surrounding rock, and can not meet the engineering requirements of the site. In this paper, two new types of pressure release anchors with large deformation, periodic release anchors and extensible energy-absorbing anchors are put forward, and the structure, working mechanism, mechanics principle of compressing structure are analyzed, respectively. In this paper, the mechanical properties of the bearing structure specimen of anchor rod are tested by comparing the mechanical properties of the specimen. The experimental results show that both kinds of anchors have the mechanical properties of letting pressure; the extensible energy-absorbing anchors can maintain the basic constant resistance in the process of drawing; But after the basic loss of working resistance, large drop, work performance instability. Finally, the energy absorption structure of the extensible energy absorbing anchor rod is determined to be the optimal structure by comparison. The strength of the energy absorbing sleeve of the extensible energy absorbing anchor is checked, and the optimum range of the wall thickness of the energy absorbing sleeve is obtained. The mechanical analysis of the drag plug of the extensible energy absorbing anchor is carried out, and the optimum range of the inclination angle of the resistance plug is obtained. The mechanical properties of the energy absorption structure in the optimum range were tested. It is concluded that the wall thickness of the energy absorption sleeve can be obtained when the diameter of the bolt body D is constant. The lower limit is inversely proportional to the thickness of the resistance plug. When the thickness of the resistance plug is constant, the wall thickness of the energy absorption sleeve? The lower limit is proportional to the diameter D of anchor rod. The mechanical characteristics of different cross sections of energy absorption sleeve are analyzed. According to the form of section, the punching die for making sleeve is processed, the seamless tube is cold pressed by the die, the cold pressing scheme of different cross section is determined, and the energy absorption sleeve is developed. The complete extensible energy absorbing anchor rod was manufactured and the static pull-out test was carried out. The test results show that the anchor rod has the mechanical properties of allowing pressure and absorbing energy and shows relatively stable mechanical properties.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD350.4
本文编号：2292129
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the research project of the "Sanxia" National Natural Science Foundation of China on the control of long wall fully mechanized mining strata and the law of surface subsidence, and the project of design and experimental research on the design and experiment of the rock bolt with large deformation caused by the periodical deformation of Hunan graduate student innovation fund. By analyzing the failure form and mechanism of bolt, the problems of common bolt in deep roadway support are summarized. Two new types of structure are put forward. Through theoretical and experimental comparison, it is concluded that the extensible energy-absorbing bolt is a better structure. The structural parameters of the extensible energy absorbing anchor are optimized, and the experimental results of the mechanical properties of the optimized extensible energy absorbing anchor are obtained. This paper introduces the traditional bolting theory and the surrounding rock loose ring support theory, and then analyzes the main failure forms of the bolt support, the mechanical behavior of the bolt under load and the failure mechanism of the bolt breaking. It is concluded that the main failure form of bolt support in deep roadway is broken failure, the causes of bolt breaking failure are external loading and mechanical properties. The strength of bolt determines the stress compensation it can provide to limit the deformation of surrounding rock, and its extension determines the amount of concession during the support period. Through the analysis of the failure mechanism of the bolt, it is concluded that the common bolt can no longer adapt to the stress environment and deformation trend of the deep surrounding rock, and can not meet the engineering requirements of the site. In this paper, two new types of pressure release anchors with large deformation, periodic release anchors and extensible energy-absorbing anchors are put forward, and the structure, working mechanism, mechanics principle of compressing structure are analyzed, respectively. In this paper, the mechanical properties of the bearing structure specimen of anchor rod are tested by comparing the mechanical properties of the specimen. The experimental results show that both kinds of anchors have the mechanical properties of letting pressure; the extensible energy-absorbing anchors can maintain the basic constant resistance in the process of drawing; But after the basic loss of working resistance, large drop, work performance instability. Finally, the energy absorption structure of the extensible energy absorbing anchor rod is determined to be the optimal structure by comparison. The strength of the energy absorbing sleeve of the extensible energy absorbing anchor is checked, and the optimum range of the wall thickness of the energy absorbing sleeve is obtained. The mechanical analysis of the drag plug of the extensible energy absorbing anchor is carried out, and the optimum range of the inclination angle of the resistance plug is obtained. The mechanical properties of the energy absorption structure in the optimum range were tested. It is concluded that the wall thickness of the energy absorption sleeve can be obtained when the diameter of the bolt body D is constant. The lower limit is inversely proportional to the thickness of the resistance plug. When the thickness of the resistance plug is constant, the wall thickness of the energy absorption sleeve? The lower limit is proportional to the diameter D of anchor rod. The mechanical characteristics of different cross sections of energy absorption sleeve are analyzed. According to the form of section, the punching die for making sleeve is processed, the seamless tube is cold pressed by the die, the cold pressing scheme of different cross section is determined, and the energy absorption sleeve is developed. The complete extensible energy absorbing anchor rod was manufactured and the static pull-out test was carried out. The test results show that the anchor rod has the mechanical properties of allowing pressure and absorbing energy and shows relatively stable mechanical properties.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD350.4
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