临近边坡精确延时控制爆破地震效应研究

发布时间：2019-03-17 09:52

【摘要】：随着国民经济的高速发展，日渐增多的岩土爆破开挖工程衍生出大量人工高陡边坡，边坡维护费用与难度愈来愈大，而边坡稳定是露天爆破工程安全生产的前提，故开展对露天高陡边坡的动力响应研究，分析爆破地震作用下岩体损伤机理，探寻爆破地震危害控制有效途径，加强高精度数码电子雷管在岩土爆破工程中的相关应用研究，进一步推动爆破技术向着精细化、数字化和科学化的方向发展，具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。本文结合数码电子雷管及铱钵起爆系统，基于临近边坡精确延时控制爆破开挖实践，通过理论分析、模型试验、数值计算和现场应用等方法，对精确延时控制爆破地震波传播衰减规律、孔间合理延期时间优选方法、岩体爆破损伤及边坡爆破振动响应等方面进行了深入的分析研究，论文主要工作如下：（1）提出了新的爆破振动持续时间预测公式，并通过在公式中引入信号携带能量项（Es），提高了持时预测精度，研究结果表明，振动持续时间与比例速度（Vmax/R）负相关，与比例药量（Q1/3/R）正相关，一定微差段数情况下，分段地震波叠加干扰情况越严重，信号能量项对振动持时预测精度的贡献就越大。（2）通过对振动信号能量进行小波包分析，揭示了精确延时控制爆破地震波能量的频域细节特征，研究结果表明，随传播距离的增加，信号能量高频部分衰减速度较低频部分快，能量最终向低频带集中；信号能量主要集中在0～300Hz频带范围内，并分为多个子振频带；在减震沟的作用下，爆破地震波峰值振速与能量的减震率分别达到了40%及60%以上，边坡坡面处径向与切向应变峰值平均降低率分别为49.4%和35.2%，且坡面处最大径向与切向应力值由原来的2.26MPa、1.16MPa分别降低至0.84MPa、0.95MPa。（3）通过理论分析、数值计算和试验研究，根据不同的爆破环境、目标和要求，基于降低爆破振动强度、改善爆破效果和同时考虑爆破振动强度与岩体爆破效果双重因素分别提出了三种合理微差延期时间计算方法，适用于不同的爆破条件。其中基于炸药能量分配理论的合理微差延期时间计算方法，能够实现分段振动波干扰相消，，降低爆破振动强度，改善岩体破碎效果，且不受各药包质量及空间位置等因素的影响。（4）结合高速摄影技术以及动态应变测试系统，建立了一套完整的实验研究系统，实现了多参数条件下的爆破测试集成化、自动化，解决了精确延时控制爆破试验的关键技术问题；完善了基于声波测试的爆破累积损伤计算方法，并从爆破能量及能量传递过程两个方面提出了减小岩体爆破损伤危害的具体控制措施。（5）通过对爆破振动信号的地震反应谱分析，揭示了精确延时控制爆破振动对构筑物动力效应的影响规律，提出了基于CQC模态组合法的精确延时控制爆破振动响应分析方法，解决了各阶振型反应不对等性造成的边坡动力效应评价结果偏离实际情况的问题，研究结果表明，边坡速度及标准速度反应总效应值随毫秒延时的增加，呈现出先减小，后增大，而后又缓慢减小的趋势，且均存在极小值；因此，对合理微差延期时间进行选取时，除考虑爆破振动强度及岩体爆破效果两因素外，还应综合考虑边坡结构爆破地震动力效应这一因素。试验研究与工程实际应用结果表明：文中提出的爆破振动持续时间预测公式预测精度高，用于振动持时预测切实可行；给出的基于炸药能量分配理论的合理微差延期时间计算方法，在炸药布孔及段药量设置时更具主动性、灵活性，计算方法简单，便于工程实际推广应用；所建立的实验研究系统可对爆破破岩过程进行多方位、多参数动态实时监测，可在同时考虑岩体爆破效果与边坡坡面应力场强度双重因素的基础上对爆破参数进行优选；针对边坡结构提出的基于CQC模态组合法的精确延时控制爆破振动响应分析方法，使得边坡动力效应评价分析结果更加合理、客观，符合实际情况。
[Abstract]:Along with the high-speed development of the national economy, the more and more rock-and-soil blasting excavation engineering is derived from a large number of artificial high-steep side slopes, the maintenance and maintenance of the side slope is more and more difficult, and the slope stability is the premise of the safe production of the open-air blasting engineering, so that the dynamic response study to the open-air high-steep slope is carried out, In this paper, the damage mechanism of the rock mass under the action of blasting is analyzed, the effective way to control the damage control of the blasting earthquake is explored, the relevant application of the high-precision digital electronic detonator in the rock-soil blasting engineering is enhanced, and the blasting technology is further promoted to develop towards the direction of refinement, digitalization and scientization, And has very important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, combined with the digital electronic detonators and the firing system of the firing pot, based on the precise time delay of the adjacent side slope, the blasting excavation is controlled by the method of theoretical analysis, model test, numerical calculation and on-site application. In this paper, the author makes an in-depth analysis and research on the reasonable extension time of the rock mass, the blasting damage of the rock mass and the response of the vibration response of the side slope, and the main work of the paper is as follows: Next: (1) New blasting vibration duration is proposed The formula is measured, and the energy term (Es) is carried by introducing the signal in the formula, and the accuracy of the time-holding prediction is improved. The results show that the duration of the vibration is negatively related to the proportional speed (Vmax/ R), which is positively related to the proportion (Q1/3/ R), and the number of the micro-differential segments in that case, the more serious the superposition of the section seismic wave, the more the signal energy term contributes to the accuracy of the prediction of the time of the vibration Based on the wavelet packet analysis of the energy of the vibration signal, the frequency domain details of the seismic wave energy of the blasting seismic wave are revealed by means of wavelet packet analysis. The results show that the high-frequency part of the signal has a higher attenuation speed with the increase of the propagation distance. the low-frequency part is fast, the energy is finally concentrated to the low-frequency band, the energy of the signal is mainly concentrated in the frequency band range of 0-300 Hz and is divided into a plurality of sub-vibration frequency bands, The average reduction rate of the radial and tangential strain on the slope surface of the slope is 49.4% and 35.2%, respectively, and the maximum radial and tangential stress values at the slope surface are reduced to 0.84MPa and 0.84MPa, respectively, by the original 2.26 MPa and 1.16 MPa. 95 MPa. (3) Based on the theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and experimental research, according to different blasting environments, targets and requirements, on the basis of the drop The two factors, such as low blasting vibration, improving the blasting effect, and considering both the blasting vibration strength and the blasting effect of the rock mass, respectively, put forward three reasonable method of calculating the delay time of the micro-difference, which is applicable to The method for calculating the reasonable micro-difference extension time based on the energy distribution theory of the explosive can realize the interference cancellation of the segmented vibration wave, reduce the vibration intensity of the blasting, improve the crushing effect of the rock mass, and is not influenced by the quality of each charge and the space position. (4) In combination with the high-speed photography and the dynamic strain test system, a complete set of experimental research systems is established to realize the integration and automation of the explosion test under the condition of multi-parameter, and the precise time-delay control blasting is solved. The key technology of the test is solved, the calculation method of the cumulative damage of the blasting based on the sound wave test is improved, and the blasting damage of the rock mass is reduced from two aspects of the blasting energy and the energy transfer process. Based on the seismic response spectrum analysis of the blasting vibration signal, the influence of the precise time-delay control blasting vibration on the dynamic effect of the structure is revealed, and the accurate time delay control based on the CQC mode group is proposed. The method for analyzing the vibration response of the blasting vibration is to solve the problem of the deviation of the evaluation result of the slope power effect caused by the non-equivalence of various modes. The results show that the total effect value of the slope velocity and the standard speed reaction is increased with the delay of the millisecond. In addition to considering the blasting vibration strength and the blasting effect of the rock mass, the blasting vibration strength and the blasting effect of the rock mass are considered, and the explosion of the slope structure should be taken into consideration in addition to considering the blasting vibration strength and the blasting effect of the rock mass. The results of the experimental study and the practical application of the project show that the prediction accuracy of the blasting vibration duration prediction formula proposed in this paper is high, which is applicable to the prediction of the vibration duration, and the theory of the energy distribution based on the explosive is given. The method for calculating the reasonable micro-difference delay time has the advantages of more initiative, flexibility, simple calculation method, and is convenient for practical application and application of the engineering, In multi-direction and multi-parameter dynamic real-time monitoring, the blasting parameters can be optimized based on the double factors of the blasting effect of the rock mass and the stress field strength of the slope surface. in that method, the response analysis method of the blast vibration is controlled, so that the evaluation and analysis result of the slope power effect is more
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235

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