肥培毛竹林土壤氨挥发特征

发布时间：2018-01-03 20:29

本文关键词：肥培毛竹林土壤氨挥发特征　出处：《林业科学》2016年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】通过田间试验研究不同施肥深度毛竹林土壤氨挥发特征,为毛竹林合理施肥提高养分利用率、降低损失提供理论依据。【方法】以安徽省黄山区毛竹林为对象,设置0,5,10,15,20,25和30 cm 7个施肥深度,分别施入尿素、过磷酸钙和氯化钾,以不施肥作为空白对照。氨挥发的收集采用通气法,用2%硼酸作为氨的吸收液。采用单因素分析(ANOVA)进行显著性检验和最小显著性差异法(LSD)进行多重比较。【结果】毛竹林施肥后土壤铵态氮含量先升高后降低,最后趋于稳定;氨挥发进程随施肥时间呈现明显的规律性变化,并与施肥深度关系密切。在施肥后第2天即被检测到挥发氨,施肥后毛竹林土壤的氨挥发速率先升高后降低,呈单峰曲线变化;0,5和10 cm深度施肥处理的氨挥发速率在第3天达到最大值,而15,20,25和30 cm深度施肥处理在第6天达到峰值;随后氨挥发速率逐日降低,至第12天时降至未施肥处理水平。氨挥发过程可分为快速和慢速2个阶段:施肥后1~8天为快速上升阶段,8天内挥发量占试验期间氨挥发总量的81.93%~92.38%;第8天后氨挥发速率明显降低,各施肥深度氨挥发累积量(y)与时间(t)符合Elovish动力学方程(y=a+b lnt);试验结束后,各施肥处理毛竹林土壤氨挥发损失量为10.12~27.17 kg·h~(-1)。施肥深度对氨挥发影响明显,平均氨挥发速率和挥发损失量随深度增加而逐渐降低,以0和5 cm施肥深度处损失量最大,分别达27.17和25.66 kg·h~(-1),相当于施氮量的21.05%和19.88%,在施肥深度超过15 cm时,损失率降幅明显减缓。【结论】集约经营毛竹林,施肥后8天内氨挥发速度快,建议通过环境条件调控降低氮素流失;施肥深度超过15 cm氨挥发损失率较低,但深层施肥可能导致淋溶损失,同时也增加生产成本。综合考虑毛竹根系分布及氮素损失、利用情况,施肥深度应为15~20 cm土层。
[Abstract]:[Objective] the field experiments of fertilization depth soil ammonia volatilization characteristics, Mao Zhulin rational fertilization to improve nutrient utilization, reduce losses and provide a theoretical basis. [method] by Mao Zhulin in Anhui District of Mount Huangshan Province as the object, set the 0,5,10,15,20,25 and 30 cm 7 fertilization depth, were applied into urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride. With no fertilizer as control. Ammonia volatilization was collected by aeration method with 2% boric acid as absorption liquid ammonia. The single factor analysis (ANOVA) were analyzed and the least significant difference method (LSD) for multiple comparisons. [results] the nitrogen content of soil ammonium bamboo after fertilization increased after the first reduced, and finally tends to be stable; ammonia volatilization process varies regularly with the time of fertilization, and the relationship with the fertilization depth closely. In second days after fertilization was detected by volatile ammonia, after fertilization of bamboo forest soil Ammonia volatilization rate of soil increased first and then decreased, showed a single peak curve; 0,5 and depth of 10 cm fertilizer ammonia volatilization rate reached the maximum in third days, while the 15,20,25 and the depth of 30 cm treatments reached the peak at sixth days; then the rate of ammonia volatilization decreased day by day, to twelfth days to no fertilization level. Ammonia volatilization process can be divided into 2 stages: fast and slow 1~8 days after fertilization for the rapid rise, volatilization within 8 days accounted for 81.93%~92.38% of total ammonia volatilization during the test; eighth days after the ammonia volatilization rate decreased obviously, the depth of ammonia volatilization accumulation in different fertilization (Y) and time (T) with Elovish (dynamic equation y=a+b LNT); after the test, all the treatments of soil ammonia volatilization to Mao Zhulin 10.12~27.17 kg h~ (-1). The effect of fertilization depth on ammonia volatilization significantly, the average rate of ammonia volatilization and volatilization with depth decreased to 0 The maximum depth of 5 cm and the fertilizer loss amount, up to 27.17 kg and 25.66 h~ respectively (-1), equivalent to the amount of nitrogen in 21.05% and 19.88%, fertilization depth more than 15 cm, the loss rate of decline slowed down significantly. [Conclusion] intensive management of bamboo, fertilization within 8 days after the ammonia volatilization speed suggestions by environmental regulation to reduce nitrogen loss; fertilization depth more than 15 cm ammonia volatilization rate is low, but deep fertilization may lead to leaching loss, but also increase the cost of production. The utilization of bamboo root distribution and nitrogen loss, comprehensive consideration, fertilization depth should be 15~20 cm layer.

【作者单位】：国际竹藤中心国家林业局竹藤科学与技术重点实验室;西南林业大学;
【基金】：科研事业费项目(1632014011) 国家林业局948项目(2014-4-58)
【分类号】：S714
【正文快照】： 毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)是我国分布面积最广、栽植和利用历史最悠久的竹种。根据第八次全国森林资源清查,我国毛竹林面积443万hm2,占竹林总面积的74%。当前,木材供需矛盾日益突出、环境压力不断加大,毛竹具有生长快、周期短、材质坚韧和永续利用等诸多优势(周芳纯,1998;江

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