东北典型垦区土壤物理性质与肥力关系及其对造林的响应

发布时间：2018-01-06 04:25

本文关键词：东北典型垦区土壤物理性质与肥力关系及其对造林的响应　出处：《东北林业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：长期不合理开发导致东北黑土肥力下降,伴随严重土壤物理性质恶化,但针对物理性质重要性及造林恢复可能性研究较少。因此本研究以东北地区土壤为研究对象,测定不同物理性质(土壤孔隙度、比重、容重、比表面积、土壤含水量、土壤最大吸湿水)及其它理化和肥力指标(土壤电导率(EC)、pH值、土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、全钾(TK)、速效钾(AK)、全磷(TP)、速效磷(AP)、球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(TG和EEG))的基础上,分别从其相关关系及受造林与否(农田和杨树防护林)和造林树种(针叶林和阔叶林)的影响进行研究,得出以下结论：(1)物理性质与其余指标相关关系方面：土壤比表面积、容重和孔隙度3个孔隙指标与其它指标显著相关个数及相关系数R2显示,土壤容重与土壤肥力及理化性质变化相关性最高。不同物理指标对于表征土壤肥力的功能存在差异性：土壤的比表面积与土壤含水量的相关性最强(R2=0.24, slope=0.085),表明土壤比表面积越大,土壤持水能力越强：土壤容重与土壤SOC含量相关程度最强(R2=0.21, slope=-24.92),而土壤的孔隙度与TN含量的相关程度最高(R2=0.08,slope=0.02)。3个指标与养分的不同形式的相关性分析结果显示：它们多与全量养分(TN、TK.TP)相关性较高(R2=0.058),而与养分速效量(AN.AK和AP)相关性较弱(R2=0.026)。(2)受造林与否影响方面：30余年的杨树造林在lm土壤剖面能够显著增加土壤孔隙度(1.89%)、显著降低土壤容重(60mg/cm3)和含水量(0.93%),伴有增加土壤K和降低P的趋势,但土壤N, TG, EEG和SOC没有明显的变化。土壤孔隙相关指标的提升与球囊霉素和SOC在土壤物理结构调节效能方面的提升是相关连的,并且杨树林的线性斜率,R2值分别是农田的1.2-2.8倍和1.6-2.4倍。养分的变化在不同地点和土层之间是存在显著交互作用的。同各地点农田相比杨树防护林消耗更多的水,并且土壤比表面积与土壤含水量密切相关。我们的研究结果对于从土壤改进的角度对农田造林实践的评估和管理提供支撑。(3)受造林树种影响方面：较针叶林而言,阔叶林在0-60cm土层内显著增加土壤含水量21.4%,孔隙度95%,SOC 2.2g/kg, AN 9.5mg/kg, TN 0.1g/kg, AP 1.4mg/kg, TP 0.05g/kg,显著降低了土壤容重2.7%。此外,通过针、阔叶林间土壤理化性质与土壤肥力相关指标的关系的差异分析得知,叶片类型的差异能够显著影响土壤含水量与SOC及土壤pH与土壤磷(TP、AP)的相关关系,其中土壤含水量的变化对针叶林SOC影响更大,而土壤pH的变化对阔叶林磷的影响更大。并且土壤理化指标的变化对土壤TN的影响更为显著,尤其土壤容重的变化(R2=0.68)。我们的研究将为中国东北地区的土壤退化及其评估提供一定的数据支撑。
[Abstract]:Long-term unreasonable exploitation led to the decline of soil fertility in Northeast China, which was accompanied by the deterioration of soil physical properties. But there are few studies on the importance of physical properties and the possibility of afforestation restoration. Therefore, this study takes the soil of Northeast China as the research object, and measures different physical properties (soil porosity, specific gravity, bulk density, specific surface area). Soil water content, maximum moisture absorption) and other physical, chemical and fertility indexes (soil electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TNN), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (ANN)). Total potassium (TK), available potassium (AK), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (APP), balloon mycin related soil proteins (TG and EEGG). The effects of afforestation (farmland and poplar shelterbelt) and afforestation species (coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest) were studied. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) physical properties are related to the other indexes: soil specific surface area, bulk density and porosity are significantly related to the other indexes, and the correlation coefficient R2 shows. Soil bulk density had the highest correlation with soil fertility and physical and chemical properties. There were differences in the function of soil fertility with different physical indexes. The correlation between soil specific surface area and soil water content was the strongest (P < 0.05). R2P 0.24. Slope0. 085, indicating that the larger the specific surface area of soil, the stronger the water holding capacity of soil. The correlation between soil bulk density and soil SOC content is the strongest (R2 + 0. 21). The correlation between soil porosity and TN content is the highest (R20.08). The results of correlation analysis of three indexes and nutrient were as follows: most of them had high correlation with total nutrient (TNT K. TPV) (R2N 0.058). However, the correlation with available nutrient amount (AN.AK and APP) is weaker than that with R2C0.026, AK and AP2). The poplar afforestation for more than 30 years under the influence of afforestation or not can significantly increase the soil porosity in the soil profile (Lm). Decreased soil bulk density (60mg / cm ~ (3)) and water content (0.93%), accompanied by increasing soil K and decreasing P, but soil N, TG. There was no significant change in EEG and SOC. The improvement of soil porosity related indexes was related to the improvement of soil physical structure regulation efficiency by balloon mycin and SOC and the linear slope of poplar forest. R2 values were 1.2-2.8 times and 1.6-2.4 times of farmland, respectively. There was significant interaction between different sites and soil layers in nutrient changes. Compared with the farmland in different locations, poplar shelterbelts consumed more. Water. And the soil specific surface area is closely related to the soil moisture content. Our results provide support for the evaluation and management of afforestation practices in farmland from the perspective of soil improvement. Affected by afforestation tree species: more than coniferous forest. Broad-leaved forest significantly increased soil water content in 0-60cm soil layer by 21.4m, porosity 95 / kg SOC 2.2 g / kg, an 9.5 mg / kg. TN 0.1 g / kg AP 1.4 mg / kg TP 0.05 g / kg significantly decreased soil bulk weight 2.7%. The analysis of the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and soil fertility among broad-leaved forest showed that the difference of leaf type could significantly affect soil water content and SOC, soil pH and soil phosphorus. Among them, the change of soil water content has more influence on SOC of coniferous forest. The change of soil pH had more influence on phosphorus in broad-leaved forest, and the change of soil physical and chemical index had more significant effect on soil TN. In particular, the variation of soil bulk density is 0.68. Our study will provide some data support for soil degradation and assessment in Northeast China.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S714

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