废弃物堆肥化基质性状调控及对无土草坪生长的影响

发布时间：2018-01-06 05:01

本文关键词：废弃物堆肥化基质性状调控及对无土草坪生长的影响　出处：《山东农业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了进一步探讨有机固体废弃物堆肥化基质在无土草坪生产中的应用,本文进行了废弃物堆肥化基质透气性、保水保肥性调控研究,分别探索了树皮堆肥不同用量对污泥堆肥透气性及黑麦草生长、不同粒径菇渣基质保水性及干旱胁迫下对高羊茅生理特性、控释肥复合肥配施对基质保肥性和养分淋溶的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.树皮堆肥调节污泥堆肥透气性试验中,混合基质的总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、渗透系数随树皮堆肥添加量增多而增大,与纯污泥堆肥对照相比分别提高了2.7%~9.1%、217%~440%、184%~510%;而容重、持水孔隙度、水气比、电导率则随树皮堆肥添加比例升高而降低,分别比对照降低了8.1%~35.1%、10.66%~29.65%、58.85%~84.06%和19.04%~75.83%;黑麦草的出苗率、株高、生长速度、分蘖数以及根系活力均为添加50%树皮堆肥条件下最高,与对照相比分别提高了10%、52.5%、31%、61.9%和53.9%。2.菇渣堆肥不同粒径调节保水性试验中,菇渣粒径5mm处理的容积含水率始终最低且下降幅度(99.19%)最大,在干旱胁迫末期其SOD活性和脯氨酸含量最高,分别是对照的1.45、1.73倍;菇渣粒径3mm处理在胁迫末期叶片相对含水量、水势、WUE、POD活性、CAT活性、可溶性蛋白含量和根系活力最高,分别是对照的1.21、1.22、2.13、1.26、1.28、2.07和1.61倍,而蒸腾速率和MDA含量最低,分别比对照降低27.64%、33.25%;菇渣粒径2mm处理的容积含水率始终最高且下降幅度(90.52%)最小,胁迫末期叶绿素含量、光合速率和可溶性糖含量最高,比对照高1.31、1.96和1.41倍,其叶片相对电导率则最低,比对照降低了20.03%。3.控释肥与复合肥不同比例配施调节基质保肥性试验中,施用控释肥处理(T2、T3、T4、T5处理)的氮、磷、钾淋失率分别为1.80%~24.74%、0.07%~0.72%、0.03%~0.30%,与单施复合肥相比分别降低了25.59%~94.59%、53.25%~95.45%和3.23%~90.32%,其中以单施控释肥最低,75%控释肥+25%复合肥次之;控释肥与复合肥配施显著提高了白三叶养分吸收量和肥料利用率,以75%控释肥+25%复合肥处理提升效果最佳,其氮磷钾利用率较单施复合肥分别提高了273.32%、82.06%、234.26%;控释肥比例为50%~75%时,白三叶的出苗期最早,单株产量、出苗率、株高、分枝数、叶绿素(a+b)及根系活力均显著高于单施复合肥,茎叶比和比叶面积则相较降低。4.综合考虑生产实践,树皮堆肥的推荐添加比例为50%,对污泥堆肥透气性调节应用效果较佳;菇渣堆肥基质的推荐粒径为3mm,对持续干旱胁迫下提高高羊茅抗旱能力效果较好;在等量N、P、K养分条件下,控释肥与复合肥的配施比例以3∶1较宜。
[Abstract]:In order to further explore the application of organic solid waste compost substrate in soilless lawn production, the waste composting matrix permeability, regulation of fertilizer and water retention, respectively explore the different dosage of bark compost sludge compost permeability and ryegrass growth, different size of mushroom residue water and drought stress the physiological characteristics of tall fescue, controlled-release fertilizer compound fertilizer on matrix fertilizer and nutrient leaching. The main results are as follows: 1. bark compost sludge compost regulating permeability test, total porosity, mixed matrix aeration porosity, permeability coefficient with bark adding amount of compost increased, control 2.7%~9.1%. To improve the 184%~510% and 217%~440% respectively compared to that of pure sludge compost; and the bulk density, water holding porosity, water ratio, conductivity with the proportion of bark compost increased, respectively reduced Low 8.1%~35.1%, 10.66%~29.65%, 58.85%~84.06% and 19.04%~75.83%; ryegrass germination rate, plant height, growth rate, tiller number and root activity were added 50% bark compost under the condition of the highest, 10%, increase compared with the control, 52.5%, 31%, 61.9% and 53.9%.2. mushroom residue composting of different particle size regulating water test. Mushroom residue particle size 5mm treatment volume and the decrease of water content has the lowest (99.19%), in the end of the drought stress SOD activity and proline content was the highest, respectively is 1.45,1.73 times higher than that of the control; mushroom residue particle size 3mm in the end of stress leaf relative water content, water potential, WUE, POD activity, CAT activity, soluble the highest protein content and root activity, respectively 1.21,1.22,2.13,1.26,1.28,2.07 and 1.61 times, while the transpiration rate and the lowest MDA content, were decreased by 27.64%, 33.25%; the water volume of mushroom residue particle size 2mm treatment Always the highest rate and the decrease of the minimum (90.52%), the chlorophyll content at the end of stress, the photosynthetic rate and the highest content of soluble sugar, 1.31,1.96 and 1.41 times higher than that of the control, the relative conductivity of the leaves is the lowest, lower than the control 20.03%.3. of controlled release fertilizer and compound fertilizer with different proportion of fertilizer and fertilizer regulation of matrix test, application controlled release fertilizer (T2, T3, T4, T5) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium leaching rate were 1.80%~24.74%, 0.07%~0.72%, 0.03%~0.30%, compared with the single compound fertilizer were reduced by 25.59%~94.59%, 53.25%~95.45% and 3.23%~90.32%, the single application of controlled-release fertilizer was lowest, 75% controlled-release fertilizer compound fertilizer +25% times; controlled release fertilizer and compound fertilizer significantly increased white clover nutrient uptake and utilization rate of fertilizer, 75% controlled-release fertilizer +25% fertilizer treatment to enhance the effect of the best, the nitrogen phosphorus and potassium utilization rate than single fertilizer were increased by 273.32%, 82.06%, 234.26%; control Release fertilizer ratio was 50%~75%, the earliest white clover seedling stage, plant yield, germination rate, plant height, branch number, chlorophyll (a+b) and root activity were significantly higher than that of single compound fertilizer, the leaf stem ratio and specific leaf area is reduced compared with.4. considering the production practice, the bark compost add the recommended ratio of 50% the permeability of sludge compost, regulating the application effect is better; the mushroom residue compost recommended diameter of 3mm, which could improve the effect of drought resistance of Tall Fescue under drought stress; in the same amount of N, P, K nutrient conditions, controlled release fertilizer and compound fertilizer fertilizer ratio by 3 to 1 is appropriate.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S688.4;S141.4

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