退化柞蚕林封育对枯落物和表层土壤持水效能的影响

发布时间：2018-01-07 12:04

  本文关键词：退化柞蚕林封育对枯落物和表层土壤持水效能的影响　出处：《生态学报》2016年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

  更多相关文章： 退化柞蚕林 枯落物 土壤 持水量

【摘要】：柞蚕林是辽东山区退化最严重的森林类型之一,因多年反复刈割导致生长逐渐衰退、更新能力下降,局部出现空地甚至土壤开始砂化,涵养水源和保持水土等生态功能明显降低。以辽东山区的退化柞蚕林为研究对象,分析了在封育9、12、21a后森林的枯落物及表层土壤持水效能。结果表明:退化柞蚕林经过封育恢复后,封育恢复时间越长,林地枯落物累积量增加的越显著,枯落物持水能力和有效拦蓄降雨能力提高也越明显。对照(未封育)、封育9、12、21a柞蚕林枯落物储量分别为3.69、7.92、8.41 t/hm~2和8.74 t/hm~2;最大持水量分别为6.23、14.71、15.81 t/hm~2和17.18 t/hm~2,有效拦蓄量分别为4.78、10.87、11.70、12.78 t/hm~2。枯落物持水量与浸水时间存在显著的相关关系(P0.001),自然对数模型模拟拟合效果最好(R~20.9)。退化柞蚕林经过封育恢复后,表层土壤水文物理性质的改善随着封育恢复时间的增加而越来越明显,封育9、12和21年柞蚕林表层土壤容重分别比对照退化柞蚕林降低了5.51%、12.60%、17.32%,毛管持水量分别增加了7.01%、28.98%、54.83%,非毛管持水量分别增加了46.14%、126.19%、187.19%。本研究结果说明退化柞蚕林封育能够通过提高其林地枯落物和改善土壤物理性质,增加表层土壤持水效能,对恢复和改善退化柞蚕林地的生态环境、恢复森林生产力具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:Tussah forest is one of the most degraded forest types in the mountainous area of Liaodong. Because of repeated cutting for many years, the growth gradually declined, the regeneration ability decreased, and even the soil began to sand. The ecological functions of water conservation and soil and water conservation were obviously decreased. The results showed that the longer the fencing and restoration time, the more significant the accumulation of litter in degraded tussah forest was. The water holding capacity of litter and the ability of effective rainfall storage were improved more obviously. In the control group (without fencing, the litter storage of tussah silkworm forest was 3.69 ~ 7.92, respectively). 8.41 t / hm2 and 8.74 t / hmm2; The maximum water holding capacity is 6.23 ~ 14.71 ~ 15.81 t / hm ~ (-2) and 17.18 t / h ~ (-1) 路hm ~ (2), respectively, and the effective storage capacity is 4.78 ~ 10.87 ~ 11.70 t / h ~ (-1). 12.78 t / hmc2.There was a significant correlation between litter water holding capacity and soaking time (P 0.001). The natural logarithmic model had the best fitting effect. The improvement of hydrophysical properties of surface soil became more and more obvious with the increase of restoration time after the restoration of degenerated tussah forest. The soil bulk density of the surface layer of Antheraea pernyi forest was decreased by 5.51% 12.60% and 17.32%, respectively, and the capillary water holding capacity increased by 7.01%. The non-capillary water holding capacity increased by 46.14% and 126.19% respectively. The results of this study showed that the soil moisture retention efficiency of surface soil could be increased by increasing the litter and improving the physical properties of soil in degraded tussah forest. It plays an important role in restoring and improving ecological environment of degraded tussah forest land and restoring forest productivity.
【作者单位】： 辽宁省林业科学研究院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD22B04) 林业公益性行业科研专项(201204101,201404303) 辽宁省科技计划项目(2011207001) 辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才培养计划(2014015)
【分类号】：S714
【正文快照】： 柞蚕业是辽宁省的特色产业,柞蚕茧、丝产量均占全国80%、世界70%,全省90%的柞蚕茧产自辽宁东部山区[1]。由于受到多年放蚕等人为干扰因素的影响,部分柞蚕林生长衰退,更新能力下降,有的失去萌蘖能力,株数显著减少,出现空地,导致涵养水源和保持水土的能力明显降低,有的局部甚至，

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