南疆滴灌棉田土壤速效养分时空分布特征

发布时间：2018-01-12 02:10

本文关键词：南疆滴灌棉田土壤速效养分时空分布特征　出处：《西北农业学报》2016年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为研究滴灌棉田土壤速效养分的分布特征,对棉花整个生育期的土壤养分状况进行分析,揭示滴灌棉田土壤速效养分的分布特征及对产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:高产田、中产田、低产田3个处理土壤碱解氮的变化趋势相同,随深度增加均呈下降的趋势,40~60cm土层的碱解氮质量分数的曲线较为平缓,3个处理0~60cm垂直变异随生育期的推进呈先增大后减小的趋势,由于棉株从苗期进入蕾期对氮素的需求量较大,碱解氮质量分数会急剧降低;而进入铃期到吐絮期后,棉花对氮的需求量逐渐减少,其质量分数又有所回升。各处理土壤速效磷质量分数的时空变化趋势基本一致,均表现先上升后下降的趋势。滴灌棉田棉花的磷素需求量在出苗后1~40d逐渐减小,土壤速效磷质量分数呈上升趋势;40d后,棉花进入蕾期,棉株对磷素的吸收量增大,土壤速效磷质量分数明显降低,盛花期后开始回升,直至吐絮期开始平缓下降至稳定;各处理土壤速效钾质量分数随生育期的变化表现为较平缓的趋势。
[Abstract]:In order to study the distribution characteristics of soil available nutrients in drip irrigation cotton field, the soil nutrient status of cotton during the whole growth period was analyzed. The distribution characteristics of soil available nutrients and their effects on yield and its components in drip irrigated cotton fields were revealed. The results showed that the change trend of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was the same in three treatments: high yield field, middle yield field and low yield field. With the increase of depth, the curve of N content in 40 ~ 60cm soil layer was relatively gentle, and the vertical variation of 0 ~ 60cm in three treatments increased first and then decreased with the development of growth period. Because of the large demand for nitrogen from seedling stage to bud stage, the mass fraction of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen will decrease sharply. However, after entering boll stage to flocculation stage, the demand for nitrogen in cotton gradually decreased, and its mass fraction increased. The temporal and spatial trends of soil available phosphorus mass fraction in all treatments were basically the same. The P demand of cotton in drip irrigation cotton field decreased gradually at 1 ~ 40 days after emergence, and the available phosphorus content of soil increased. After 40 days, when cotton entered bud stage, the amount of phosphorus absorbed by cotton plants increased, and the mass fraction of available phosphorus in soil decreased obviously. The changes of soil available potassium mass fraction in different treatments showed a gentle trend with the growth period.
【作者单位】：新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业技术推广站;塔里木大学植物科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31260140,31060274) 兵团青年科技创新基金(2012CB020)~~
【分类号】：S158
【正文快照】： 生物量的提高是作物高产优质的基础[1-3],生物量累积以养分吸收为前提,土壤基础养分质量分数的差异,会导致棉花生物量在不同生育期的差异,进而影响生物量累积与产量的形成。有研究表明,土壤基础肥力对新疆棉花产量的平均贡献率为66.5%[4];因此,探明棉田土壤养分的现状与变化特

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