杂卤石对作物生长的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 00:19

本文关键词： 杂卤石土壤pH 土壤EC 作物养分　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：杂卤石(K_2Ca_2Mg[SO_4]_4·2H_2O)是一种富含钾、钙、镁、硫等多元素的的矿物,在我国分布广泛、矿藏量大,可以作为一种潜在的钾肥资源,以解决目前我国钾肥资源短缺的现状。国内外学者对杂卤石的性质及施用效果做了初步的研究,但研究内容和试验设计比较简单。且对杂卤石养分释放特性、养分相关性及与其他市售钾肥的差异等方面缺乏研究。基于以上问题,本研究采用土壤培养试验、种子发芽试验以及盆栽试验相结合的方式,研究了杂卤石的养分释放、对玉米种子发芽的影响、对花生、玉米和茄子植株养分的吸收特性和各种养分间的协同效应的影响、与市售钾肥品种的肥效差异等内容,从而为杂卤石在农业上的应用提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1.杂卤石中所含钾、钙、镁均为速效养分,培养1天后在土壤中的释放率均达100%;杂卤石中14%左右硫为缓效硫,释放率最高达86%。随培养时间的延长,部分速效养分被土壤胶体固定,在第28天左右土壤中各养分含量趋于稳定。2.随杂卤石浓度升高,玉米种子萌发率、玉米芽长和根长均降低,玉米种子盐害指数升高,且种子盐害指数与其萌发率、芽长和根长呈极显著负相关关系。在肥料溶液浓度小于0.1%时杂卤石处理与其他市售钾肥处理对种子发芽影响差异不显著,肥料溶液浓度大于0.5%时杂卤石处理种子萌发率低于其他市售钾肥处理,且差异显著。3.适量施用杂卤石,可以提高玉米、花生和茄子产量,促进作物对养分的吸收。其中,茄子苗期和成熟期杂卤石施肥量分别为300 kg·hm~(-2)(K_2O)和700 kg·hm~(-2)(K_2O)时,茄子生物性状的发育情况、单果重、养分吸收状况等均处于较好状态;杂卤石施肥量为100 kg·hm~(-2)(K_2O)时,玉米和花生各时期植株生长及养分吸收状况、粒重均达最佳水平。4.在土壤培养期间,杂卤石处理的土壤pH下降,土壤EC显著升高,在培养第28天土壤pH稳定在5.90左右,土壤EC稳定在1100μS·cm-1左右。在整个土壤培养期间杂卤石处理的土壤pH均显著低于其他市售钾肥处理,其土壤EC均显著高于其他市售钾肥处理。作物收获后,随施肥量的增加杂卤石处理土壤pH降低,土壤EC增加,且与其他市售钾肥处理差异显著。5.作物收获后,随施肥量的增加杂卤石处理玉米和花生土壤的钾残留量也随之升高,且与对照差异显著;茄子土壤的钾残留量增加趋势不明显,且与对照差异不显著。
[Abstract]:Heterohalide K2CaS 2mg. [SO_4 (4.2H _ 2O) is a kind of mineral rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and so on. It is widely distributed in China and has a large amount of mineral deposits. It can be used as a potential potash fertilizer resource. In order to solve the current situation of the shortage of potash fertilizer resources in China, scholars at home and abroad have made a preliminary study on the properties and application effect of heterohalite, but the research content and experimental design are relatively simple, and the nutrient release characteristics of heterohalite are also discussed. Based on the above problems, the soil culture test, seed germination test and pot experiment were adopted in this study to study the nutrient correlation and the difference between the nutrient and other potted potted potted plants. The effects of nutrient release of heterohalite on germination of maize seeds, nutrient absorption characteristics of peanut, maize and eggplant plants and synergistic effects of various nutrients were studied. The difference of fertilizer efficiency between the varieties of potash fertilizer and that of marketable potash fertilizer provides a theoretical basis for the application of heterohalite in agriculture. The main results are as follows: 1. The potassium, calcium and magnesium contained in the mixed halogen are all available nutrients. The release rate in soil reached 100% after 1 day culture. About 14% sulfur in mixed halogen is slow available sulfur, and the highest release rate is 86%. With the extension of culture time, some available nutrients are fixed by soil colloid. On the 28th day, the nutrient content in soil tended to be stable. 2. With the increase of mixed halogen concentration, the germination rate, bud length and root length of maize seeds decreased, and the salt damage index of maize seeds increased. There was a significant negative correlation between seed salt damage index and germination rate, bud length and root length. When the concentration of fertilizer solution was less than 0.1, there was no significant difference between mixed halite treatment and other potash fertilizer treatment on seed germination. When the concentration of fertilizer solution was more than 0.5, the seed germination rate of mixed halogen treatment was lower than that of other potash fertilizer treatments, and the difference was significant. The yield of maize, peanut and eggplant could be increased by applying appropriate amount of mixed halogen. Promote the absorption of nutrients by crops. At seedling stage and mature stage of eggplant, the amount of fertilizer applied in mixed halogen was 300 kg 路hm ~ (-2) K _ 2O) and 700 kg 路hm ~ (-2) K _ 2O _ 2 respectively. The development of biological characters, single fruit weight and nutrient absorption of eggplant were in good condition. The plant growth and nutrient uptake of maize and peanut reached the optimum level of .4. during the soil culture period, when the amount of fertilizer was 100 kg 路hm ~ (-2) K _ 2O, the plant growth and nutrient absorption of maize and peanut reached the best level. Soil pH decreased and soil EC increased significantly under mixed halogen treatment, and the soil pH was stable at 5.90 on the 28th day of culture. Soil EC was stable at about 1 100 渭 S 路cm-1. Soil pH of mixed halite treatment was significantly lower than that of other potash fertilizer treatments during the whole soil culture period. Soil EC was significantly higher than that of other potash fertilizer treatments. After crop harvest, soil pH decreased and soil EC increased with the increase of fertilizer amount. After harvest, the potassium residue of maize and peanut soil increased with the increase of fertilizer amount, and the difference was significant compared with the control. The increasing trend of potassium residue in eggplant soil was not obvious, and there was no significant difference between eggplant soil and control.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S143.3

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