黑龙江省农田阿特拉津残留土壤AM真菌多样性

发布时间：2018-01-28 03:26

本文关键词： AM真菌阿特拉津多样性研究寒地黑土　出处：《黑龙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：阿特拉津被广泛应用于全世界80多个国家和地区,我国引进阿特拉津40年来,以平均每年20%的使用量递增。随着阿特拉津的连年施加,造成土壤、地下水和地表水的污染,如何有效地治理阿特拉津残留对环境及人类的损害、保护珍稀的寒地黑土资源,成为亟待解决的问题。丛枝菌根(AM)真菌是一种分布广泛、可以与地球上90%以上的植物形成共生体的真菌,在农业土壤中AM真菌更是占土壤微生物总量的5%-50%,在修复污染土壤、保持生态稳定及可持续生产等方面发挥着巨大作用。本文以黑龙江省阿特拉津残留黑土农田为研究对象,以传统的湿筛倾析-蔗糖离心法对哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔和黑河地区多年连续施加阿特拉津的农田土壤中的AM真菌进行分离,鉴定出4属47种AM真菌;采用分子生物学的18S rDNA序列分析方法,得到具有较高优势度的33个非重复AM真菌序列。共得到确定的AM真菌40种,其中Glomus属25种,Acaulospora属12种,Scutellospora属2种,Gigaspora属1种。形态学中AM真菌鉴定至属的有Glomus属5种,Acaulospora属4种,Scutellospora属1种,分子学中AM真菌鉴定至属的有Glomus属23种,鉴定至Ambisporaceae科2种,Paraglomeraceae科1种。通过SPSS对黑龙江省阿特拉津残留黑土农田中AM真菌的多样性及阿特拉津残留对AM真菌多样性的影响进行分析。结果表明,三个地区中以哈尔滨地区AM真菌多样性为最高,且在农田土壤中阿特拉津残留量较低时,阿特拉津含量对AM真菌孢子密度和物种丰度呈正相关;当农田土壤中阿特拉津残留量高于0.28 mg/kg时,AM真菌孢子密度和物种丰度随阿特拉津含量增加呈明显下降趋势。采用传统形态学和分子生态学技相结合的方法对黑龙江省黑土地区受阿特拉津残留污染的农田土壤中AM真菌多样性进行初步研究,全面地了解阿特拉津残留农田土壤中AM真菌多样性,获得了特拉津残留土壤中优势AM真菌菌株,为进一步开展利用AM真菌对阿特拉津污染土壤的修复研究与应用奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Atrazine has been widely used in more than 80 countries and regions in the world. In the past 40 years, the use of atrazine has increased by an average of 20% per year. The pollution of groundwater and surface water, how to effectively control the environmental and human damage caused by atrazine residues, and protect the rare black soil resources in cold regions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi are widely distributed and can form symbionts with more than 90% plants on the earth. In agricultural soil, AM fungi account for 5- 50% of the total microorganism in soil, which is in the remediation of contaminated soil. Maintaining ecological stability and sustainable production plays a great role. In this paper, the residual black soil farmland of atrazine in Heilongjiang Province was used as the research object, and the traditional wet sieve tilt-sucrose centrifugation method was applied to Harbin. Four genera and 47 species of AM fungi were isolated from farmland soils in Qiqihar and Heihe area for many years. Using the 18s rDNA sequence analysis method of molecular biology, 33 non-repetitive AM fungi with high dominance were obtained, and 40 species of AM fungi were identified. Among them, 25 species of Glomus belong to Acaulospora, 12 species are Scutellospora and 2 species are Scutellospora. There are 5 species of Glomus genus, 5 species of Acaulospora genus, 4 species of Scutellospora genus and 1 species of Scutellospora genus. In molecular studies, 23 species of Glomus genera and 2 species of Ambisporaceae family were identified from AM fungi. A species of Paraglomeraceae family. The diversity of AM fungi in the residual black soil farmland of atrazine in Heilongjiang Province and the effect of atrazine residue on the diversity of AM fungi were studied by SPSS. The results show that. The diversity of AM fungi was the highest in Harbin, and when atrazine residue in farmland soil was low, the content of atrazine was positively correlated with spore density and species abundance of AM fungi. When the residue of atrazine in farmland soil was higher than 0. 28 mg/kg. The spore density and species abundance of AM fungi decreased significantly with the increase of atrazine content. Traditional morphological and Molecular Ecology techniques were used to study the Atrazine residual pollution in the Black soil area of Heilongjiang Province. The diversity of AM fungi in soil was studied. The diversity of AM fungi in the residual soil of atrazine was fully understood, and the dominant AM fungi strains in the residual soil of atrazine were obtained. It laid a foundation for further research and application of AM fungi on atrazine contaminated soil.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X592;X172

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