缓释尿素对土壤微生物氮素生理群、理化性质及辣椒产量的影响

发布时间：2018-01-29 21:19

本文关键词： 缓释尿素辣椒氮素生理群理化性质产量　出处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】通过田间试验,研究了缓释尿素对土壤微生物氮素生理群、理化性质及辣椒产量的影响.【方法】以‘陇椒2号’为供试材料,采用普通尿素(释放期0d)和缓释尿素(释放期90和180d)与施氮量(450kg/hm~2、400kg/hm~2、350kg/hm~2、300kg/hm~2)双因素交互试验.【结果】在同一施氮水平,释放期为180d的缓释尿素(D180)可显著提高辣椒产量,其中处理A3B3(释放期180d、施氮量350kg/hm~2)为最优处理,产量最高,达14 540.1kg/hm~2,分别比普通尿素U和缓释尿素D90处理增产146.6%和52.1%;施氮量超过400kg/hm~2,辣椒减产明显;缓释尿素D180可使辣椒土壤保持较高数量的好气性自生固氮菌、嫌气性自生固氮菌和硝化细菌,分别比普通尿素U增加了2.6倍、6.3倍和29.2倍;在辣椒幼苗期、旺盛生长期和开花坐果期,缓释尿素和施氮量的交互作用对碱解氮、速效钾含量和土壤EC值存在极显著的影响.【结论】缓释尿素和施氮量的交互作用对辣椒土壤微生物氮素生理群及理化性质有显著影响,其中释放期180d、施氮量350kg/hm~2处理有利于提高辣椒产量及改善土壤微生物菌群.
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the effects of slow-release urea on soil microbial nitrogen physiological group, physicochemical properties and pepper yield. [methods] 'Longjiao 2' was used as the experimental material. Normal urea (release period 0 d) and sustained release urea (release period 90 and 180 d) were used with N application rate of 450 kg / hmHmN 2 + 400 kg / hmm-1 2 + 350kg / hmm-2. [results] sustained release urea (D180) at the same nitrogen level and release period of 180 days could significantly increase the yield of capsicum. Among them, treatment A 3B 3 (release period 180 days, nitrogen application rate 350 kg 路hmm-2) was the best treatment, and the yield was the highest, reaching 14 540.1 kg 路hmm-2. The yield increased by 146.6% and 52.1, respectively, compared with common urea U and slow-release urea D90. When the amount of nitrogen applied was more than 400 kg / hm ~ (-2), the yield of capsicum decreased significantly. The sustained release urea D180 could keep a high number of good autogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria in capsicum soil, and increase by 2.6 times compared with that of common urea U, while that of aerobic autogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria were increased respectively. 6.3 times and 29.2 times; At the seedling stage, vigorous growth stage and flowering and fruit setting stage, the interaction of slow release urea and nitrogen application on the alkaline hydrolysis of nitrogen. [conclusion] the interaction of slow-release urea and nitrogen application rate has a significant effect on soil microbial nitrogen physiological group and physical and chemical properties of capsicum. [conclusion] the interaction of slow-release urea and nitrogen application rate has a significant effect on soil microbial nitrogen physiological group and physical and chemical properties of capsicum. During the 180 days of release, the treatment of 350 kg 路hm ~ (-2) N fertilizer could improve the yield of capsicum and improve the microflora of soil.
【作者单位】：甘肃农业大学园艺学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31260311)
【分类号】：S154.3;S641.3
【正文快照】： 氮素是蔬菜必需的营养元素之一,影响蔬菜的品质和生长发育[1].施氮可以增加土壤中可利用的氮含量,增强植物对氮的同化,从而加速植物生长[2].然而普通肥料,释放速度快,供应期短,施用不当就会出现肥害,不仅会导致蔬菜产量下降、品质变差,而且还会使土壤肥效降低,引起环境污染[3]

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