青海高寒山区5种林分的土壤特性及其水源涵养功能

发布时间：2018-01-30 09:12

本文关键词： 林地类型土壤孔隙度水源涵养枯落物土壤渗透性　出处：《水土保持学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为定量评价青海省大通县高寒山区不同森林的土壤特性和水源涵养功能,从而为森林的合理空间配置提供理论依据,采用浸水法、环刀法、定水头法、硫酸重铬酸钾法,分别测定5种林分的枯落物性质和0—40cm土层的孔隙度、渗透性及养分状况等。结果表明:(1)枯落物总储量及最大持水量依次为云杉白桦混交林云杉落叶松混交林青海云杉林华北落叶松林白桦林。(2)0—40cm土层的土壤有机质含量平均值依次为云杉落叶松混交林云杉白桦混交林白桦林青海云杉林华北落叶松林。(3)土壤容重随着深度增加而增大,0—40cm土层均值依次为白桦林华北落叶松林云杉白桦混交林青海云杉林云杉落叶松混交林。(4)土壤总孔隙度随土层加深而降低,0—40cm土层均值依次为云杉落叶松混交林青海云杉林云杉白桦混交林华北落叶松林白桦林。(5)0—40cm土层的土壤平均初渗速率和稳渗速率大小依次为白桦林云杉白桦混交林云杉落叶松混交林华北落叶松林青海云杉林。(6)依林地总贮水量评价的水源涵养功能依次为云杉落叶松混交林(4 427.40t/hm~2)青海云杉林(4 365.33t/hm~2)云杉白桦混交林(4 055.04t/hm~2)华北落叶松林(3 729.64t/hm~2)白桦林(2 650.31t/hm~2)。
[Abstract]:In order to quantitatively evaluate the soil characteristics and water conservation function of different forests in high and cold mountainous areas of Datong County in Qinghai Province and provide theoretical basis for the rational spatial allocation of forests, water immersion method, ring knife method and water head determination method were adopted. The litter properties of 5 stands and the porosity of 0-40cm soil layer were determined by potassium dichromate sulfate method. The results showed that the total reserves and maximum water holding capacity of litter were in the order of spruce Bai Hua mixed forest spruce larch mixed forest Qinghai spruce forest North China larch forest white birch forest. The average soil organic matter content of 0-40cm soil layer was in order of spruce larch mixed forest, spruce mixed forest Bai Hua mixed forest, birch forest, Qinghai spruce forest, North China larch forest. 3) soil bulk density increased with the increase of depth. The average value of 0-40cm soil layer was in order of birch forest, North China larch forest, spruce forest, spruce mixed forest, spruce mixed forest, Picea crassifolia forest and larch mixed forest. 4) the soil total porosity decreased with the deepening of soil layer. The average value of 0-40cm soil layer was in turn the mixed forest of Picea and larch, Picea crassifolia, Picea crassifolia, spruce, spruce, Bai Hua, the mixed forest, the birch forest and the white birch forest, respectively. The average initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate of 0-40cm soil layer were in order of birch forest, spruce, spruce, Bai Hua mixed forest, spruce and larch mixed forest, North China larch forest, Picea crassifolia forest. The water conservation function of the evaluation of the total water storage in the forest land is in the order of 4 427.40 t / hm ~ (2) of Picea larch mixed forest and 4 365.33 t / hm ~ (-2) of Picea crassifolia forest. Spruce Bai Hua mixed forest 4 055.04 t / hm ~ (2); North China larch forest 3 729. 64 t / hm ~ (2); birch forest 2 650.31 t / hm ~ (2).
【作者单位】：北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持国家林业局重点实验室北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划“西北高寒山区防护林体系定向调控技术研究与示范”(2015BAD07B030302)
【分类号】：S714
【正文快照】： 水源涵养功能是森林生态系统的主要服务功能之一,不同森林的结构与树种生物学特性不同造成了其林分水源涵养效应存在差异[1]。深入认识和定量评价不同类型林地的涵养水源功能,对森林合理经营、改善水环境、实现水资源科学管理有重大意义[2]。目前,我国学者对森林土壤特性与水

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