长期施肥对农田土壤氮素关键转化过程的影响

发布时间：2018-01-30 22:17

本文关键词： 长期施肥矿化铵态氮同化自养硝化反硝化　出处：《土壤学报》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：当前,如何合理施肥、提高作物产量、维持土壤肥力、并兼顾生态环境效应是农业研究的主要挑战之一。本文综述了长期施肥对农田土壤氮素关键转化过程的影响,主要从土壤氮转化过程的初级转化速率角度综述肥料(有机肥和化学氮肥)对土壤氮素关键转化过程的影响。土壤氮素矿化-同化循环是自然界氮循环过程中两个至关重要的环节,是决定土壤供氮能力的重要因素。总体而言,长期施用氮肥,尤其是有机肥能显著提高初级矿化-同化周转速率;长期施肥可以刺激自养硝化作用,且有机肥的刺激作用更明显;施用化学氮肥和有机肥均能提高反硝化速率,且有机肥的刺激作用高于化学氮肥。有机肥一直被提倡和实践用来改善土壤肥力和提高土壤固碳能力,无论是单施有机肥还是有机-无机配施,均能有效地减轻硝酸盐污染,改善土壤肥力并提高作物产量。但是有机肥的施用并不是多多益善,有机肥过多施用也会增加氮损失的风险。因此,本文综述了长期施肥对农田土壤氮素关键转化过程初级转化速率的影响,讨论了各个氮转化过程之间的联系,以期增强人们对长期施肥措施影响农田土壤氮素循环的理解,并为合理施用氮肥、提高氮肥利用率、减少与氮相关的环境污染提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:At present, how to apply fertilizer rationally to improve crop yield and maintain soil fertility. In this paper, the effects of long-term fertilization on the key transformation process of soil nitrogen in farmland were reviewed. A review of fertilizers (organic fertilizer and chemical nitrogen fertilizer) is presented from the perspective of the primary transformation rate of soil nitrogen conversion. Soil nitrogen mineralization and assimilation cycle are two important links in the process of nitrogen cycling in nature. In general, long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially organic fertilizer, can significantly increase the turnover rate of primary mineralization and assimilation. Long-term fertilization can stimulate autotrophic nitrification, and the stimulation of organic fertilizer is more obvious. Application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer can improve denitrification rate, and the stimulation effect of organic fertilizer is higher than chemical nitrogen fertilizer. Organic fertilizer has been advocated and applied to improve soil fertility and carbon sequestration ability. Both organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer can effectively reduce nitrate pollution, improve soil fertility and increase crop yield, but the application of organic fertilizer is not more good. Excessive application of organic fertilizer also increased the risk of nitrogen loss. Therefore, this paper summarized the effect of long-term fertilization on the primary transformation rate of key nitrogen conversion process in farmland, and discussed the relationship between the various nitrogen conversion processes. The aim of this study was to enhance the understanding of the effects of long-term fertilization on nitrogen cycling in farmland and to provide theoretical basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer, the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency and the reduction of environmental pollution related to nitrogen.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学地理科学学院;土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所);江苏省物质循环与污染控制重点实验室;江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心;
【基金】：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20140062) 江苏省普通高校学术学位研究生科研创新计划项目(KYZZ15_0218) 江苏高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD,164320H116)资助~~
【分类号】：S153.6
【正文快照】： (2土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008)(3江苏省物质循环与污染控制重点实验室,南京210023)(4江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023)氮是植物生长的关键限制因子,施用氮肥是提高农作物产量的重要措施。但是,当氮肥投入

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