汶川地震对森林土壤养分动态的影响

发布时间：2018-02-02 17:05

本文关键词： 汶川地震地震迹地邻近未受损林窗土壤养分微生物生物量　出处：《应用与环境生物学报》2016年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：地震导致地表植被严重破坏,土壤物理性质和养分循环发生明显变化,这对震后植被恢复有重要影响.选取两处受汶川地震影响的森林植被区,分别设置4个处理,即地震迹地、地震迹地枯木旁、邻近未受损森林、邻近未受损林窗,对比研究表层土壤(0-20 cm)物理因子、有机质、速效养分以及微生物等.结果显示两处研究地点有大致一样的趋势:地震迹地与地震迹地枯木旁温差与p H值浮动变化显著大于未受损森林与林窗,土壤含水量明显低于未受损森林和林窗;震后造成土壤有机质含量显著降低,损失高达50%,速效养分损失高达80%;速效养分(铵态氮和硝态氮)与微生物生物量碳氮含量由高到低顺序为邻近未受损森林、邻近未受损林窗、地震迹地枯木旁、地震迹地;震后枯木在地震迹地形成养分热点,其速效养分及微生物生物量碳、氮高于地震迹地,在生长季节较为显著,其速效养分硝态氮含量最高是地震迹地的5.88倍.本研究表明汶川地震导致受损森林系统表层土壤有机质等的极大流失,同时震后迹地土壤有效养分、微生物生物量显著降低,地震迹地枯木旁形成土壤"肥力岛",震后生态系统恢复将经历养分富集和植被演替过程.
[Abstract]:The earthquake caused serious destruction of surface vegetation and obvious changes in soil physical properties and nutrient cycle, which have an important impact on the restoration of vegetation after the earthquake. Two forest vegetation areas affected by Wenchuan earthquake were selected. Four treatments were set up respectively, that is, seismic field, dry wood, adjacent undamaged forest and undamaged forest window. The physical factors and organic matter of surface soil (0-20 cm) were studied comparatively. The results showed that the variation of temperature difference and pH value around the dead trees in the seismic field and the seismic field was significantly larger than that in the undamaged forest and gap. Soil moisture content was significantly lower than that of undamaged forests and gaps. After the earthquake, the content of soil organic matter decreased significantly, the loss of soil organic matter was as high as 50%, and the loss of available nutrients was as high as 80%. The available nutrients (ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content in order from high to low are adjacent undamaged forest, near undamaged forest window, near the dry wood in earthquake field, and in seismic field. After the earthquake, the dry wood formed nutrient hot spot in the seismic field, and its available nutrients and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were higher than those in the seismic field, and were more obvious in the growing season. The content of nitrate nitrogen was 5.88 times higher than that in the earthquake site. This study showed that the Wenchuan earthquake caused a great loss of soil organic matter in the damaged forest system and the soil available nutrients in the post-earthquake area. The microbial biomass decreased significantly and soil "fertility islands" were formed next to the dead trees in the seismic field. The restoration of ecosystem after the earthquake will undergo nutrient enrichment and vegetation succession process.
【作者单位】：贵州大学动物科学学院;中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室中国科学院成都生物研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31500346,31350110328) 四川省科技厅项目(2014HH0017,2015HH0025,2015JY0231,2016HH0082) 中国科学院“西部之光”项目和中国科学院成都生物研究所青年研究员项目资助~~
【分类号】：P315;S714.8
【正文快照】： CLC S714:P315.728地震是一种突发性的地壳构造运动;是岩石圈某一有限区域内能量的突然释放所引起的震动,是地震灾害的主要致灾因子[1-2].地震对生态系统的影响主要通过改变地形地貌加以实现,导致生态系统严重破坏,并震毁地上植被赖以生存的土体结构,如果发生在山区,对生态影

【相似文献】