黄土丘陵区淤地坝建设后小流域泥沙拦蓄与输移特征

发布时间：2018-02-02 16:42

本文关键词： 侵蚀泥沙流域淤地坝泥沙拦蓄泥沙输移黄土丘陵区　出处：《农业工程学报》2017年18期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：了解淤地坝建设后小流域泥沙拦蓄与输移的变化特征对正确认识和评价淤地坝的减蚀作用有重要意义。该文通过对黄土丘陵区王茂沟流域1953-2015年不同时段内淤地坝的拦沙量和流域出口输沙量的分析,研究了坝系建设后泥沙拦蓄、输移和侵蚀的变化过程与特征。研究表明,王茂沟流域年均拦沙模数呈减少-增加-再减少的波动变化趋势;流域年均输沙模数呈先增加后减少的变化趋势;1953-1986年期间,不同阶段的年均侵蚀模数变化不大,1987年后呈显著下降趋势。流域治理后期与初期相比,年均拦沙模数、输沙模数和侵蚀模数分别下降了79.3%、90.6%和83.9%。淤地坝建设初期,有效库容对流域拦沙模数和输沙模数的变化有重要影响,侵蚀性降雨频发和较低的水土流失治理度是侵蚀强烈的主要因素;流域治理后期,侵蚀性降雨及其发生频次的减少,水土流失治理度的提高与稳固,是流域拦沙、输沙和侵蚀产沙显著下降的主要原因。淤地坝在控制流域侵蚀产沙、减少泥沙输移方面作用显著,但要达到持续有效的作用,坡面治理不容忽视,两者兼顾是黄土丘陵区水土保持的必由之路。
[Abstract]:It is important to understand the change characteristics of sediment retention and transport in small watershed after the construction of silt dam in order to correctly understand and evaluate the erosion reduction effect of silt dam. In this paper, through the analysis of Wang Mao Valley in loess hilly region from 1953 to 2015, it is important to understand and evaluate the erosion reduction effect of silt dam. The analysis of sediment retention capacity and sediment discharge at the outlet of the basin in different periods of time. The change process and characteristics of sediment retention, transport and erosion after dam system construction are studied. The results show that the average annual sediment blocking modulus of Wang Mao Valley is decreasing, increasing and decreasing. The annual sediment transport modulus increased first and then decreased. In the period of 1953-1986, the average annual erosion modulus of different stages did not change much, but decreased significantly after 1987. In the later period of watershed management, compared with the initial period, the average annual sediment blocking modulus was less. The sediment transport modulus and erosion modulus decreased by 79.3% and 83.9%, respectively. In the initial stage of silt dam construction, the effective reservoir capacity has an important effect on the change of sediment blocking modulus and sediment transport modulus. Frequent rainfall and low degree of soil erosion are the main factors of strong erosion. In the late period of watershed management, erosion rainfall and its occurrence frequency are reduced, and soil erosion is improved and stabilized. Silt dam plays a significant role in controlling erosion and sediment yield and reducing sediment transport, but to achieve a sustainable and effective role, slope control can not be ignored. Both of them are the only way of soil and water conservation in loess hilly region.
【作者单位】：黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室;黄河水利委员会绥德水土保持科学试验站;青海大学水利电力学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41371284) 黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(HKY-JBYW-2017-02)
【分类号】：S157.31
【正文快照】： 0引言黄河泥沙主要来源于黄土高原的千沟万壑,尤其是7.86万km2的多沙粗沙区。以小流域为单元的水土保持综合治理模式是中国在流域治理中做出的一项重大贡献,小流域治理的规划、设计及治理效果的评价,都迫切需要对小流域产沙、输沙过程进行定量评价和预报。然而,长期以来,由于

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