秸秆育苗容器对土壤微生态的影响

发布时间：2018-02-05 03:54

本文关键词： 秸秆育苗容器元素释放土壤微生物酶活性　出处：《南京信息工程大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国是一个农业大国,每年都会产生大量的农作物秸秆。农作物秸秆资源化利用是现阶段的研究热点,利用秸秆辅以生物胶粘剂加工制作育苗容器,是近年来国内外秸秆综合利用新的研究方向之一。已有研究结果表明,秸秆育苗容器具有良好的生物可降解性,通过高温堆肥或埋入土中可以快速分解。但针对秸秆容器在进入土壤之后与环境相容性及其对土壤微生物区系的影响以及土壤和植物生态影响报道较少。本文目的在于了解秸秆育苗容器在土壤中的养分释放情况、对土壤微生物区系的影响及其对植物病原菌侵染植物幼苗能力及植物感病的影响,采用以改性淀粉胶和改性豆胶为胶粘剂、稻壳粉为填充料制作而成的秸秆育苗器土埋试验。主要研究结果如下：在稻草秸秆盆钵65d的土埋过程中,两种育苗容器均发生了不同程度的降解并伴随有碳、氮、磷、钾养分释放。起初5d养分释放较快,主要为水溶性养分的释放；中后期释放平稳,主要是微生物降解引起的养分释放。土埋65d,淀粉胶容器碳、氮、磷、钾释放量为67.1%、68.0%、80.2%、85.9%,豆胶容器为25.9%、55.5%、73.8%、81.3%,两种容器养分释放速率均表现为KPNC。秸秆容器碳、氮、钾释放量与土壤总凯氏氮、有效钾增长速率呈极显著相关关系(p0.01),磷素和碳素释放量与土壤速效磷增加和土壤有机碳增长无确定相关性(p0.05)。对土埋试验过后的豆胶育苗容器进行的结构特征分析表明：65 d时,该育苗容器中的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素及灰分的含量分别比土埋前降低了11.19%、24.53%、7.15%和31.01%。从红外分析结果可知,土壤中微生物对豆胶容器中的纤维素、木质素以及胶粘剂有很强的降解作用。对该容器的热重分析显示,降解后容器稳定性得到部分提高。总的说来,秸秆育苗容器在土埋条件下具有良好的生物可降解性,能够与土壤环境良好的相容。试验过程中,土壤中磷酸酶和脲酶活性在培养结束时都得到了提高,其中埋有淀粉胶容器的处理两类酶活性分别是豆胶处理酶活的1.17倍和1.31倍。不论是土壤微生物还是秸秆容器残体中微生物,豆胶容器的微生物活性、微生物多样性指数和微生物均匀度指数均高于淀粉胶处理。两类秸秆育苗容器的降解均能提高土壤中微生物活性,促进土壤中微生物的繁殖和代谢。从上述结果可知,秸秆育苗容器作为一种新型的营养钵,可以促进植物的生长,同时该容器在土壤中能够降解并且能够与环境相容。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country, which produces a large amount of crop straw every year. The utilization of crop straw resource is a hot topic at this stage. It is one of the new research directions of straw comprehensive utilization at home and abroad in recent years. The research results show that straw seedling container has good biodegradability. It can be decomposed quickly by composting or embedding in soil at high temperature. However, there are few reports on the compatibility of straw container with the environment after entering the soil and its influence on soil microbial flora and on soil and plant ecology. It is important to understand the nutrient release of straw seedling container in soil. The effects on soil microbial flora and the ability of plant pathogens to infect plant seedlings and plant susceptibility were studied. Modified starch glue and modified soybean gum were used as adhesives. The soil burying test of rice husk powder as filling material was carried out. The main results were as follows: in the process of soil burying in straw bowl for 65 days. The nutrient release of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was very fast at the beginning of 5 days, mainly the release of water-soluble nutrients. After 65 days of soil burial, the amount of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium released from starch container was 67.1% and 80.2%. The nutrient release rate of the two containers was KPNC.The release rate of carbon, nitrogen and potassium from straw container and soil total Kjeldahl nitrogen. There was a significant correlation between the growth rate of available potassium and the growth rate of available potassium (p0.01). There was no definite correlation between the amount of phosphorus and carbon released from soil and the increase of available phosphorus and organic carbon in soil. The structural characteristics of soybean gum seedling container after soil-burying test were analyzed. The results showed that there was no correlation between the increase of available phosphorus and the increase of soil organic carbon. The contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash in the seedling container were reduced by 11.19% and 24.53%, respectively. 7.15% and 31.01. The results of IR analysis showed that soil microbes could degrade cellulose, lignin and adhesive in soybean gum container. The thermogravimetric analysis of the container showed that soil microorganism could degrade cellulose, lignin and adhesive in soybean gum container. After degradation, the stability of the container was partly improved. In general, the straw seedling container had good biodegradability under the condition of soil burial, and could be compatible with the soil environment. The activities of phosphatase and urease in soil increased at the end of culture. The enzyme activities of two kinds of enzymes embedded in starch gel container were 1.17 times and 1.31 times as much as those of soybean gum treatment, both in soil microorganism and straw container residue. The microbial activity, microbial diversity index and microbial evenness index of soybean gum container were higher than those of starch gel treatment. From the above results, as a new nutrient bowl, straw seedling container can promote the growth of plants. At the same time, the container can be degraded in the soil and can be compatible with the environment.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S359;S154

【引证文献】