中国耕地休耕制度基本框架构建

发布时间：2018-02-09 07:04

本文关键词： 休耕制度区域模式时空配置休耕地管护监测评估　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：休耕是发达国家普遍采取的保护耕地、修复生态、调整种植结构的有效措施。由于我国对耕地资源的长期过度利用,导致部分耕地地力严重下降、土壤污染加剧、生态环境恶化等问题,威胁着我国耕地的可持续利用和农业可持续发展。利用国内外粮食市场供给宽裕的有利时机,在部分地区实行休耕,有利于耕地休养生息,增强农业发展后劲。本文通过文献分析法、逻辑推理法、访谈调研法等研究方法,探索我国耕地休耕制度的基本框架,为完善我国休耕制度提供思路,为保障休耕制度的顺利实施奠定基础。研究认为,休耕是对我国粗放的土地利用方式和传统的耕作制度的重大变革,将促进我国耕地从掠夺型利用向保护型利用转变,具有很强的必要性和重要的现实意义,应成为我国土地保护政策和农业政策的重要组成部分。然而,当前我国探索实行的组织化、制度化、规范化的休耕制度既没有成熟的历史经验可循,也不能简单复制发达国家的做法,需要进行多方面的创新。本文首先科学认识我国实行休耕制度的外部环境:一是特定的背景条件,二是适应农地基本制度、农地利用基本特征的要求。进而构建我国休耕制度基本框架的主要内容:(1)区域差异化的休耕模式设计;(2)休耕地的诊断与识别;(3)休耕规模的确定;(4)休耕地的时空优化配置;(5)休耕补助标准及补助方式;(6)休耕行为主体的响应及协调;(7)休耕地的管理和保护;(8)休耕的监测评估。休耕制度在我国是一项完全新型的制度安排,涉及到农业生产力和生产关系的调整,须立足国情,加强顶层设计,审慎推进。
[Abstract]:Fallow farming is an effective measure adopted by developed countries to protect cultivated land, restore ecology and adjust planting structure. As a result of long-term overuse of cultivated land resources in China, the soil fertility of some cultivated land has been seriously reduced, and soil pollution has intensified. The deterioration of the ecological environment threatens the sustainable utilization of cultivated land and the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Through the methods of literature analysis, logical reasoning, interview and investigation, this paper explores the basic framework of cultivated land fallow system in China, and provides some ideas for perfecting the fallow farming system in China. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of fallow system, the study holds that fallow tillage is a major change in extensive land use and traditional farming system in China, and will promote the transformation of cultivated land from plundering to conservation. Having strong necessity and important practical significance, it should become an important part of land protection policy and agricultural policy in our country. A standardized fallow system has no mature historical experience to follow, nor can it simply replicate the practices of developed countries. This paper first scientifically understands the external environment of the fallow farming system in China: first, the specific background conditions, the second is to adapt to the basic system of agricultural land, Requirements for the basic characteristics of farmland use. Then the main content of the basic framework of fallow system in China is to construct the main content of the basic framework of fallow system in China. The design of fallow mode of regional differentiation is 2) diagnosis and identification of cultivated land and determination of the scale of fallow 4) spatiotemporal superiority of cultivated land. (6) response and coordination of fallow actors (7) Management and protection of fallow land and monitoring and evaluation of fallow. Fallow system is a completely new type of institutional arrangement in China. The adjustment of agricultural productive forces and relations of production should be based on the national conditions, strengthen the top-level design, and advance prudently.
【作者单位】：西南大学地理科学学院;西南大学绿色低碳发展研究所;南宁市社会科学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“实行耕地轮作休耕制度研究”(批准号:15ZDC032)
【分类号】：F323.211;S344

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