蓄水坑灌不同蓄水坑结构型式条件下果园冬季土壤温度分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 20:55

本文关键词： 蓄水坑灌坑口直径覆盖土壤温度　出处：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在冬季低温季节，土壤的温度对果树有着非常重要的作用，因为土壤温度直接影响到植物的根系生长，如果土壤温度过低，会对植物根系造成损害，甚至使其死亡，造成较大的损失。因而，冬季土壤温度的高低，成了果树能否安全过冬的重要因素。蓄水坑灌法是针对我国北方山丘果林地区的干旱和水土流失问题而提出的一种节水灌溉措施，蓄水坑灌条件下由于蓄水坑的布设，增加了根区中深层土壤的临空面，改善了通气条件，并使根区土壤剖面温度分布特征发生变化，尤其在冬季低温季节，果树能否安全越冬，是蓄水坑灌法能否推广应用的关键问题之一。因此，本论文将对越冬期间蓄水坑灌土壤温度分布特征进行研究，为蓄水坑灌法推广应用提供技术支撑。论文采用田间试验与理论分析相结合的方法，对不同坑口结构和覆盖条件下蓄水坑土壤温度的分布规律进行分析，主要研究结果如下： (1)蓄水坑坑内空气温度与大气温度变化趋势一致，随着大气温度的升高而升高，降低而降低。从6：00—18：00之间，温度先增大后减小。在6：00和18：00时，蓄水坑坑内空气温度要大于大气温度，且大气温度小于无覆盖蓄水坑坑内空气温度，无覆盖坑内空气温度小于有覆盖蓄水坑坑内空气温度，而在12：00时，正好相反，坑内空气温度要小于大气温度，大气温度大于无保温层覆盖蓄水坑坑内空气温度大于有保温层覆盖蓄水坑坑内空气温度。 (2)蓄水坑坑内空气温度日温差随蓄水坑坑口直径的减小而减小；大气温度与坑内空气温度差值，会随着坑口直径的减小而增加，温度差值的增速随着坑口直径的减小而减小；有坑口覆盖的坑内空气温度的日温差要小于无坑口覆盖的坑内空气温度的日温差；大气温度与有坑口覆盖的坑内空气温度差值要大于大气温度与无坑口覆盖下坑内空气温度的差值。 (3)蓄水坑土壤温度包括蓄水坑地表土壤温度、蓄水坑坑壁土壤温度和蓄水坑坑底土壤温度。蓄水坑土壤温度在大气温度的影响下，随着大气温度的升高而升高，降低而降低，在6：00—18：00之间，温度先增大后减小。地表土壤温度、蓄水坑坑壁土壤温度和蓄水坑坑底土壤温度变化相似在6：00和18：00时，地表土壤温度要大于大气温度，且随着土壤深度的增加而增加，在5cm—15cm之间，温度随土壤深度增加的幅度明显，在15cm—25cm之间，温度随土壤深度增加的幅度不明显，，温度基本保持稳定。在12：00时，地表土壤温度要小于大气温度，土壤温度随着土壤深度的增加而减小，在5cm—15cm之间，温度随土壤深度减小的幅度明显，在15cm—25cm之间，温度随土壤深度减小的幅度不明显，温度基本保持稳定。随着土壤深度的增加，蓄水坑土壤温度的日变化幅度逐渐减小，在5cm到15cm内日变化明显，在15cm—25cm内日变化不明显，基本稳定。另外，对于蓄水坑坑壁土壤温度，在距离地表20cm处坑壁土壤温度与40cm处坑壁土壤温度相比，随土壤深度变化的幅度和日变化幅度整体要略大。 (4)随着坑口直径的减小，蓄水坑坑内土壤温度（蓄水坑坑壁土壤温度和蓄水坑坑底土壤温度）随土壤深度的温度变化值，会减小；日变化幅度也会随着减小。 (5)有保温层覆盖蓄水坑坑内土壤温度随土壤深度的温度变化值要小于无保温层覆盖的土壤温度变化值；有保温层蓄水坑坑内土壤温度日变化幅度要小于无保温层土壤温度的变化幅度。
[Abstract]:In winter low temperature season , the soil temperature plays an important role in fruit trees , because soil temperature directly affects the root growth of plants . If soil temperature is too low , damage to the root system of plants can be caused , and even death is caused . Therefore , the soil temperature in winter is an important factor in the safety and winter of fruit trees . The water - saving pit irrigation method is a kind of water - saving irrigation measures proposed for the problems of drought and soil erosion in the forest region of the northern hillock in northern China . Under the condition of water storage pit irrigation , due to the layout of the water storage pit , the temperature distribution of the soil profile in the root zone is changed , especially in the winter low - temperature season , whether the fruit tree can be safely overwinter is one of the key problems in the popularization and application of the water storage pit irrigation method . Therefore , the present paper will provide technical support for the popularization and application of the water storage pit irrigation method . Based on the combination of field test and theoretical analysis , the distribution law of soil temperature of water storage pit under different pit structure and covering condition is analyzed . The main results are as follows : ( 1 ) the air temperature in the water storage pit is consistent with the change trend of the atmospheric temperature , and the temperature of the air in the water storage pit is reduced as the atmospheric temperature rises . ( 2 ) the daily temperature difference of air temperature in the water storage pit is reduced with the decrease of the diameter of the water storage pit mouth ; the atmosphere The difference between the temperature and the air temperature in the pit increases with the decrease of the diameter of the pit , and the increase of the temperature difference is reduced with the decrease of the diameter of the pit ; the daily temperature difference of the air temperature in the pit covered by the pit is less than the daily temperature difference of the air temperature in the pit covered by the pit ; and the difference between the air temperature and the air temperature in the pit covered by the pit is greater than the difference between the atmospheric temperature and the air temperature in the pit . ( 3 ) The soil temperature of the water storage pit includes the surface soil temperature of the water storage pit , the soil temperature of the water storage pit wall and the bottom soil temperature of the water storage pit . ( 4 ) With the decrease of the diameter of the pit , the soil temperature ( soil temperature and soil temperature at the bottom of the water storage pit ) of the water storage pit will decrease with the change of the soil depth . ( 5 ) the temperature change value of the soil temperature with the depth of the soil is smaller than that of the soil temperature change value covered by the non - insulating layer ; and the variation amplitude of the soil temperature in the water storage pit of the thermal insulation layer is smaller than that of the soil temperature of the non - insulating layer .

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S152.8

【参考文献】