黄土丘陵区典型种植梯田土壤肥力质量评价

发布时间：2018-02-21 07:36

本文关键词： 不同种植类型梯田土壤质量指标土壤质量评价　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：梯田是黄土高原水土保持的重要措施,其土壤肥力质量的好坏直接影响农业生产的可持续发展,也影响梯田的保土效应。为了明确不同种植类型梯田土壤的肥力状况,本研究选择了黄土高原庄浪县堡子沟和安塞县的方塔和马家沟3个小流域的主要种植类型(玉米、小麦、土豆、苹果、黄豆、大棚等)梯田土壤作为研究对象,采用资料收集、野外调查采样和测定分析相结合的方法,对典型区域主要种植类型梯田土壤肥力质量的基本特征和状况进行综合评价。主要结论如下:(1)两个区域土壤全量养分均处于中等偏下的水平,各种种植类型0-20 cm土层养分含量均高于20-40cm土层,具有“表聚效应”。整体上,大棚、果园和山杏林全量养分高于农地和新撂荒地;有机质含量在庄浪处于中等水平,在安塞水平低下;全氮含量整体较低;土壤全磷含量除大棚较高外,其他种植类型均为中等水平。土壤速效养分整体呈现中等偏下水平,速效磷含量除大棚外整体含量较低,速效钾含量均呈现中等偏低水平。(2)研究区内不同种植类型土壤p H的变异很小为4.02%,为不敏感指标;土壤养分含量变异范围整体较大,其中,全磷的变幅较小为23.68%,属于中度敏感指标,而速效磷最大,达到226.39%,属于高度敏感指标。(3)研究区土壤综合质量指数总体上为中等水平。堡子沟流域土壤综合质量呈现为:土豆地山杏林地间作小麦玉米苹果。马家沟流域土壤综合质量呈现为:撂荒大棚玉米黄豆。方塔流域土壤综合质量指数呈现为:土豆间作玉米撂荒苹果。根据土壤综合质量指数可以看出,土壤肥力综合质量在土豆地较高,苹果地较低;苹果和土豆间作有利于改善该地区土壤质量综合水平。这些研究结果为黄土高原梯田水土保持生态效应评价和农业生产的可持续发展提供了基础数据和理论支撑,具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。
[Abstract]:Terrace is an important measure for soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau. The quality of soil fertility directly affects the sustainable development of agricultural production and the soil conservation effect of terrace. In this study, the terrace soil of three small watersheds (maize, wheat, potato, apple, soybean, greenhouse, etc.) in three small watersheds of Zhuanglang County and Ansai County of Loess Plateau were selected as the research objects, and the data were collected. The method of combining sampling with measurement and analysis in the field, The basic characteristics and status of soil fertility quality of terraces in typical regions were evaluated. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the total soil nutrients in the two regions are at a moderate level. The nutrient content of 0-20 cm soil layer was higher than that of 20-40 cm soil layer, which had "superaggregation effect". On the whole, the total nutrient content of greenhouse, orchard and apricot forest was higher than that of farmland and new abandoned land, and the content of organic matter was at the middle level in Zhuanglang. In Ansai, the content of total nitrogen was lower, the total phosphorus content of soil was higher than that of greenhouse, and the other planting types were medium level. The total available nutrients of soil showed moderate lower level, and the total content of available phosphorus was lower than that of greenhouse, and the total content of available phosphorus was lower than that of greenhouse, and the content of total phosphorus in soil was lower than that in greenhouse. The variation of pH in soil of different planting types is very small, which is insensitive index, and the range of variation of soil nutrient content is large. The variation of total phosphorus was 23.68, which was a moderately sensitive index, while the available phosphorus was the largest. The comprehensive quality index of soil in the study area is middle level on the whole. The comprehensive quality of soil in Baozigou watershed is as follows: intercropping wheat, corn and apple in the forest land of potato field, and soil in Majiagou watershed. The comprehensive quality is as follows: abandoned greenhouse corn soybean, square tower watershed soil comprehensive quality index as potato intercropping corn abandoned apple. According to the soil comprehensive quality index can be seen, The comprehensive quality of soil fertility was higher in potato field and lower in apple field. The intercropping of apple and potato is beneficial to improve the comprehensive level of soil quality in this area. These results provide basic data and theoretical support for the evaluation of ecological effects of soil and water conservation and the sustainable development of agricultural production in terraces of the Loess Plateau. It has certain theoretical significance and application value.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S158

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