温室农业土壤特性的调查与评价

发布时间：2018-02-22 22:25

本文关键词： 温室农业土壤有机碳土壤养分土壤微生物群落土壤p H　出处：《河南科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：温室农业又称为狭义设施农业,其目的是通过改善植物生长的自然环境,特别是延长生长时间以提高产量。因此,温室农业在种植业结构优化调整、农业增效、农民增收、增加社会就业等方面,有着不可替代的作用。然而,在温室农业生产过程中,土壤特性受到影响,如盐渍化、养分的持续供应、酸化等问题;同时,温室农业土壤对碳的固定随着全球气候变化也引起了人们的重视。本研究针对不加温型温室农业系统,调查了其土壤理化和生物学特性的变化,并针对全球关注的热点——土壤碳库问题,研究了温室农业土壤有机碳库的变化;在此基础上,综合评价了温室农业对土壤特性的影响,并分析了其变化机制。本研究选择了山东寿光和河南洛阳的典型温室,并用附近大田的土壤作对照,在每个温室样点采集了0-20、20-40、40-60 cm的3层土壤,共收集土壤样品500余份,研究了温室农业土壤特性的变化及其规律。主要研究结果如下:(1)温室农业土壤有机碳含量显著增加,增加量随土层的变化有所不同。对0-60 cm土层而言,温室土壤在山东和河南分别是大田土壤有机碳含量的1.7和1.3倍。不同土层的变化,在山东0-20 cm、20-40 cm和40-60 cm土层的增加量分别是101.6%、32.0%和25.7%;而在河南增加量则分别为25.7%、28.6%和25.9%。(2)温室栽培影响土壤微生物的群落组成。温室土壤与大田土壤相比,细菌数量增加20.97%,且随着种植年限的增加,细菌数量有所增加。放线菌、真菌数量则出现不同程度的降低。(3)温室栽培与大田相比,土壤pH有所下降,而随土层的加深,pH变化量逐渐降低。电导率(EC)和全盐量则有所增加,另外土壤EC值与全盐量具有一定的相关性,在0-20 cm土层EC值与全盐量呈显著正相关(R2=0.9122),但随着土壤深度的增加相关性逐渐降低。(4)温室栽培土壤养分积累明显,0-20 cm土层养分含量均大于20-40cm、40-60 cm的土层。0-20 cm的表层土壤全氮、全磷含量均处于较高水平,其中全氮含量分别达到了1.26 g/kg(河南)和1.89 g/kg(山东);全磷含量分别达到0.744 g/kg(河南)和0.769 g/kg(山东);而20-40 cm、40-60 cm土壤层氮、磷也有一定程度的积累。土壤速效养分也有所增加,3个不同土层土壤碱解氮含量均有不同程度的积累;速效磷和速效钾含量均达到中、高水平,尤其是表层土壤的速效磷、速效钾已呈高富集状态。
[Abstract]:Greenhouse agriculture, also known as facility agriculture in narrow sense, aims to increase yields by improving the natural environment of plant growth, especially by extending the growth time. Therefore, greenhouse agriculture is in the process of optimizing the planting structure, increasing agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income. However, in the process of agricultural production in greenhouse, soil characteristics are affected, such as salinization, sustainable supply of nutrients, acidification and so on. At the same time, Carbon sequestration of agricultural soils in greenhouse has attracted much attention with the global climate change. This study investigated the changes of soil physical, chemical and biological properties in non-heated greenhouse agricultural systems. The change of soil organic carbon pool in greenhouse agriculture is studied, and the influence of greenhouse agriculture on soil characteristics is evaluated synthetically. In this study, the typical greenhouse in Shouguang, Shandong Province and Luoyang, Henan Province was selected, and the soil in the nearby field was used as control. Three layers of 0-20 ~ 40 ~ 40 ~ 60 cm soil were collected in each greenhouse sample site, and more than 500 soil samples were collected. The main results are as follows: (1) the organic carbon content of greenhouse agricultural soil increased significantly, and the increase was different with the change of soil layer. For 0-60 cm soil layer, the soil organic carbon content increased significantly. The organic carbon content of greenhouse soil in Shandong and Henan is 1.7 and 1.3 times higher than that in field soil, respectively. The increase of soil microbial community in 0-20 cm ~ 40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer in Shandong Province was 101.6% and 25.710%, respectively, while in Henan it was 25.728% and 25.9.2% respectively) the community composition of soil microorganism was affected by greenhouse cultivation. The number of bacteria increased 20.97%, and with the increase of planting years, the number of bacteria increased, and the number of actinomycetes and fungi decreased in varying degrees. However, with the deepening of soil layer, the change of pH value decreased gradually, the electrical conductivity and the total salt content increased, and the EC value of soil had a certain correlation with the total salt content. The EC value of 0-20 cm soil layer was positively correlated with the total salt content, but with the increase of soil depth, the soil nutrient accumulation decreased gradually. (4) the soil nutrient accumulation in 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in 20-40 cm ~ 60 cm soil layer. The total nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer was higher than that in 20 ~ 40 cm ~ 60 cm soil layer. The total phosphorus content was 1.26 g / kg (Henan) and 1.89 g / kg (Shandong), and the total phosphorus content was 0.744 g / kg (Henan) and 0.769 g / kg (Shandong), respectively. Soil available nutrients were also increased to a certain extent, and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in three different soil layers were all accumulated to varying degrees, and the available phosphorus and available potassium contents reached medium and high levels, especially in the surface soil. Available potassium has been highly enriched.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S625.5;S159

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