三种杀菌剂在梨贮藏过程中的降解与迁移动态研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 22:59

本文关键词： 甲基硫菌灵(TM) 百菌清(CHT) 多菌灵(MBC) 贮藏降解动态　出处：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文对A市、B县两地梨果进行采样调查,评估梨果中甲基硫菌灵(TM)、多菌灵(MBC)、2-氨基苯并咪唑(2-AB)及苯并咪唑(BEN)的残留分布情况。以内吸性农药甲基硫菌灵(TM)、多菌灵(MBC)及非内吸性农药百菌清(CHT)为对象,研究贮藏温度、浸泡浓度、助剂三个因子,对砀山酥梨在贮藏期果皮、全果及果肉中农药残留降解的影响,研究不同洗涤方式砀山酥梨梨果上农药残留去除效果。研究结果如下:(1)2013年11月份的市场调查实验梨全果中TM、MBC及2-AB的最大残留量分别为7.267 mg/kg、2.731 mg/kg、0.088 mg/kg,检出率分别为59%、83%、18%。2014年5月份市场调查实验梨全果中TM、MBC及2-AB的最大残留量分别为0.417mg/kg、4.964 mg/kg、0.255 mg/kg,检出率分别为15%、85%、70%。对2014年5月份的梨果肉、全果、果皮的残留分布分析,TM在果皮的残留量是全果的3.1~12.0倍;MBC在果皮上的残留量是全果的1.3~5.6倍,全果上的残留量是梨果肉的2.2~46.4倍;2-AB在果皮上的残留量是全果的1.5~5.0倍,全果上的残留量是梨果肉的1.3~4.2倍。两个时期样品中均未检出BEN。(2)贮藏实验不同贮藏温度下,梨果肉中TM(以MBC计)、MBC、CHT有检出,残留量分别为ND~0.590 mg/kg、ND~1.646 mg/kg、ND~0.842 mg/kg,与取样时间和浸泡浓度无明显规律;梨果皮中TM(以MBC计)、MBC、CHT残留量分别为5.476~25.370 mg/kg、5.135~35.078 mg/kg、2.485~24.516 mg/kg,与浸果浓度呈正相关,浸药浓度越高,残留量越大;随着时间的延长,药物渐渐降解,且常温贮藏与低温贮藏相比,降解速率较快。常温贮藏和低温贮藏过程中,梨果皮中检出TM、MBC的代谢物2-AB,残留量分别为0.169~0.859mg/kg、0.182~0.847 mg/kg,与取样时间和浸泡浓度无明显规律;梨果皮和果肉中未检出TM、MBC的代谢物BEN及CHT的代谢物CHT-OH。(3)常温贮藏、低温贮藏条件下,TM(以MBC计)、MBC和CHT在砀山酥梨全果中的残留降解符合一级动力学方程规律。TM六个实验组浸泡实验8 h后,全果中以MBC计的残留量为2.465~6.135 mg/kg;常温贮藏降解半衰期在30.39~46.82 d之间,贮藏至55d降解率为58.17%~77.25%;低温贮藏降解半衰期在72.95~96.25d之间,贮藏至145 d降解率为67.57%~81.28%。MBC六个实验组浸泡实验8 h后,全果中MBC的残留量为3.251~7.093 mg/kg;常温贮藏降解半衰期在36.47~45.29d之间,贮藏至55d降解率为43.19%~59.90%;低温贮藏降解半衰期在74.52~99.00 d之间,贮藏至145天降解率为70.34%~75.98%。CHT三个实验组在浸泡实验8 h后,全果中CHT为0.262~5.200 mg/kg;常温贮藏降解半衰期在35.00~48.12 d之间,贮藏至55 d降解率为57.70%~84.69%;低温贮藏降解半衰期在78.75~87.72d之间,贮藏至145 d降解率为69.45%~76.19%。结果表明,梨全果中TM(以MB C计)、MBC和CHT三种杀菌剂的残留量与浸泡浓度呈正相关关系;随着时间的延长,在常温贮藏、低温贮藏过程中均逐步降解,且常温贮藏较低温贮藏降解速度加快。(4)TM、MBC及CHT分别选取稀释778mg/L、666mg/L和1000mg/L实验组加助剂。加助剂后,梨果皮和全果中TM(以MBC计)、MBC及CHT的残留量增加明显是未加助剂的1.5~3.7倍;梨果肉中药物残留量增加规律不明显。代谢物2-AB在梨果皮中有检出,较未加助剂实验组差异不明显;梨果肉未检出2-AB。代谢物BEN及CHT-OH在梨果皮和果肉中未检出。TM(以MBC计)、MBC和CHT在全果中残留降解符合一级动力学规律,半衰期及将降解速度较未加助剂实验组差异不显著。(5)分别记录TM、MBC及CHT梨果各个实验组在贮藏期的腐烂率和失水率。结果表明,随着取样时间的延长,梨果的腐烂率和失水率均逐渐增大,且相同取样时间下常温贮藏明显大于低温贮藏。(6)选择TM 4664mg/L和778mg/L加助剂实验组、MBC 5000mg/L和666mg/L加助剂实验组、CHT 1000mg/L和4000mg/L加助剂实验组进行洗涤实验。结果表明,用水和洗洁剂浸洗,均可降低砀山酥梨中TM(以MBC计)、MBC和CHT的残留量,梨果皮和全果残留脱除率的趋势满足:TM(以MBC计)MBCCHT。洗洁精洗较清水洗涤效果明显,加助剂的实验组梨中三种杀菌剂的脱除与未加的实验组差异不明显。
[Abstract]:In this paper, A City, B county two sampling surveys of pear fruit evaluation, thiophanate methyl (TM), carbendazim (MBC), 2- (2-AB) and aminobenzimidazole benzimidazole (BEN) residues. Within the absorption of thiophanate methyl (TM), carbendazim (MBC) and non systemic pesticides chlorothalonil (CHT) as the research object, storage temperature, concentration, three factor additives on Dangshan Pear during storage in pericarp, degradation of pesticide residues and effects of whole fruit pulp, of different washing methods of Dangshan pear pear on pesticide residue removal. The results are as follows: (1) the pear market in 2013 November of the whole fruit TM, maximum residue levels of MBC and 2-AB is respectively 7.267 mg/kg, 2.731 mg/kg, 0.088 mg/kg, the detection rate was 59%, 83%, May 18%.2014 market investigation of TM in pear fruit. The maximum residue levels of MBC and 2-AB 0.417mg/kg, respectively. 4.964 mg/kg, 0 .255 mg/kg, the detection rate was 15%, 85%, 70%. on 2014 May the pear flesh, fruit peel, analysis of residual distribution, TM residues in pericarp is 3.1~12.0 times of the whole fruit; residues MBC in the pericarp is 1.3~5.6 times of the whole fruit, whole fruit residue is 2.2~46.4 times pear flesh; residues 2-AB in the pericarp is 1.5~5.0 times of the whole fruit, whole fruit residue is 1.3~4.2 times of the pear flesh. Two times samples were not detected in BEN. (2) storage experiment under different storage temperature, the pear flesh in TM (MBC), MBC, CHT the detection, the residue was ND~0.590 mg/kg and ND~1.646 mg/kg respectively, ND~0.842 mg/kg, had no obvious regularity and sampling time and concentration; the peel of TM (MBC), MBC, CHT residues was 5.476~25.370 mg/kg, 5.135~35.078 mg/kg and 2.485~24.516 mg/kg, respectively, with fruit dipping concentration, leaching concentration is higher. The greater the amount with the residual; With the extension of time, the drug gradually degradation, and room temperature storage and low temperature storage, rapid degradation rate. In normal temperature storage and low temperature storage, TM detection of pear peel, metabolite 2-AB MBC, residues 0.169~0.859mg/kg, 0.182~0.847 and mg/kg respectively, no obvious regularity and sampling time and the concentration of TM was not detected in pear; peel and pulp, CHT-OH. BEN and CHT MBC metabolite metabolite of (3) under normal temperature storage, low temperature storage conditions, TM (MBC), MBC and CHT in the residue degradation of Dangshan pear fruit in accord with the kinetic equation of.TM six experimental groups after 8 h immersion test, residues MBC the whole fruit is 2.465~6.135 mg/kg; 30.39~46.82 D in room temperature storage degradation half-life, storage to 55D degradation rate of 58.17%~77.25%; low temperature storage degradation half-life of between 72.95~96.25d, storage to 145 D degradation rate of 67.57%~81.28%.MBC The six experimental groups after 8 h immersion test, the residues of whole fruit of MBC was 3.251~7.093 mg/kg; room temperature storage degradation half-life between 36.47~45.29d to 55D, the storage degradation rate of 43.19%~59.90%; low temperature storage degradation half-life in 74.52~99.00 D, after 145 days degradation rate of 70.34%~75.98%.CHT three in the experimental group after 8 h immersion test the fruit is 0.262~5.200 CHT, mg/kg; 35.00~48.12 D in room temperature storage degradation half-life, storage to 55 D degradation rate of 57.70%~84.69%; low temperature storage degradation half-life of between 78.75~87.72d, storage to 145 D degradation rate of 69.45%~76.19%.. The results show that the whole fruit in TM (pear by MB C), MBC and CHT of three kinds of fungicides agent residues associated with the concentration of positive relationship; with the extension of time, storage at room temperature, during low temperature storage were gradually degraded, and the degradation of storage at room temperature low temperature storage speed. (4) TM, M BC and CHT were selected to dilute 778mg/L and 1000mg/L experimental group, 666mg/L additive. After adding additive, pear peel and full fruit in TM (MBC), MBC and CHT residues increased obviously is 1.5~3.7 times without additives; drug residues in Pear flesh was not significantly increased. The metabolite 2-AB detection rules in the peel, with no addition of experimental group was not significantly different; the pear flesh was not found in 2-AB. BEN and CHT-OH.TM metabolites not detected in Pear peel and pulp (MBC), degradation followed first-order kinetics of residual MBC and CHT in the whole fruit, the half-life and degradation speed of less additive the experimental group had no significant difference. (5) were recorded in TM, MBC and CHT of each experimental group in Pear during storage and the decay rate and water loss rate. The results show that with prolonging the sampling time, the decay rate and water loss rate of fruit were increased gradually, and the same sampling time under normal temperature storage was significantly greater than Low temperature storage. (6) TM 4664mg/L and 778mg/L additive in the experimental group, MBC 5000mg/L and 666mg/L additive in the experimental group, CHT 1000mg/L and 4000mg/L additive in experimental group washing experiments. The results show that the water and detergent wash, can reduce the Dangshan pear in TM (MBC), MBC and CHT residues the pear peel and whole fruit residue removal rate trend meet: TM (MBC) MBCCHT. detergent wash with water washing effect, removing additive in Pear experimental group three fungicides with the experimental group was not significantly different.

【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X592

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